Language and Cultural Barriers

With so many people immigrating to the United States and all the companies that are doing business internationally, we must find a way to make it work. There are many ideas, learning groups and classes that are specifically designed to help people of all languages and cultures learn to work together and understand one another. The internet has shown that progress is inevitable; it is time for a change. Foreign-born immigrants are rapidly becoming a central part of the American labor force. This entry of immigrants is creating jobs in the fields of manufacturing, service and construction.With so many immigrants joining our workforce, it is the best idea for employers to embrace this idea and find ways to link these languages and culture barriers. Charleston, WV Immigrant Statistics (quickfacts. consensus. gov, 2010) †¢ Charleston, WV Population as of 2006: 50,846. †¢ Foreign Born Persons as of 2000:3. 2% †¢ Language other than English spoken:5. 3% In 2006, the foreign-b orn population of West Virginia was 2. 5%. The majority of immigrants in West Virginia are from the following (usimmigrationsupport. com, 2010). †¢ 34. 9% Mexico 10. 1% Canada †¢ 6. 7% Germany †¢ 23. 6% UK, Korea, Philippines, China, Japan, India and Soviet Union Cultural and language barriers can create communication problems which can cause hazardous conditions, especially in the blue collar fields. People’s stereotypes can get in the way of hiring a good worker, we need to look beyond the stereotypes and see what kind of person they really are. Some companies require certain educational backgrounds, and don’t take into consideration the applicants experience and education when coming from another country.All countries can stand to learn a little bit about tolerance when it comes to foreigners. In foreign countries, certain acts are considered social suicide, such as receiving a business card from someone in Japan and stuffing it in your pocket. The Ja panese consider their business cards a symbol of themselves. Some other common cultural differences are: †¢ Roles and Status—in some countries women are considered inferior and are expected to walk behind the males. Some countries females are not expected or allowed to work.What is considered normal in American culture regarding etiquette for a working woman is far different in other countries. In Latin American countries, colorful business attire is welcomed, however, in Asia and the Middle East, the norm is neutral-colored clothing and nothing else. When conducting a meeting in Islamic Middle East, a female must have a male host that accompanies them to their meetings, where they may well be the only female in attendance. †¢ Personal Space—Americans usually stand about 5 feet away from each other, however, Japanese cultural likes more space and the Latin cultural likes to stand closer.In China it is acceptable to push your way through a crowd and you may be invited to spa where nudity is considered appropriate. †¢ Body Language—In America, eye contact is considered a sign of respect. People in the Japanese culture considers it is a sign of disrespect to look directly at a superior. Where Americans are very animated with their facial expressions, Asians are sometimes considered emotionless. Closed eyes mean a person is bored or sleepy in America, but in Japan and Thailand it shows that you are listening and concentrating.Such a simple gesture as a friendly kiss is prohibited in parts of Asia where it is considered a sexual act. In the Middle East and parts of Indonesia, the left hand is considered unclean. †¢ Personal Appearance—In various parts of the world, Americans are considered careless with dress, manners and body movements; generous with neighbors, superficial, shallow and short-lasting with friendships, ethnocentric—less interested in others, independent, and individually feeling. In some countri es, our dress is considered provocative and rude.In countries such as China, India and Russia, women must keep their knees and elbows covered and shirts must be buttoned completely up to the neck. Pants are frowned upon in Japan and in the Middle East, cleavage is a definite no-no! However, in Latin America, women are appreciated for wearing bright, stylish clothing. Employers can help by being practical and learning to tear down the barriers, employers can reduce worker’s compensation injuries, improve the ability to recruit, hire and retain workers and increase productivity (charlotteworks. org, 2010).There are a lot of people in the United States who feel that people who live in our country should learn to speak our language; while this might not be the most practical statement, it makes sense when talking about positions such as customer service or anything that requires directions. It is so easy to misunderstand someone and then something goes terribly wrong. However, wh o’s to say it shouldn’t be the same way when we go to another country to work? Most foreign countries have a large number of citizens that do speak the English language, especially in terms of the business world.However, the more languages you can speak fluently will help you if you plan a future in International Business. International businesses should require employees to take language classes in at least one language where they conduct business; it’s only fair to the people in that country. So many things can be misconstrued if you don’t know the language and try to conduct business without an interpreter, especially when it comes to jobs that require strict policies to keep employees safe. If an employee doesn’t understand instructions, or misinterprets them, there is a significant change of injury which can hurt the company as well.Even when foreign workers in America can speak English, there are so many slang terms that they may not really u nderstand what is being said. When going to a foreign country to work, the employee must conduct research and learn as much as they can about the country and their customs and realize that they cannot generalize the people of a certain area. There are many different cultures inside a country and they should not all be lumped together under a stereotype. We must learn that every person is an individual and has different values and ways of life.The employer can provide a mentor to the new employee so they can get better adjusted with the culture and office policies. Culturosity. com (2010) provides the following 10 Strategies for Overcoming Language Barriers: †¢ Speak slowly and clearly. †¢ Ask for clarification. †¢ Frequently check for understanding. †¢ Avoid idioms. †¢ Be careful of jargon. †¢ Define the basics of business. †¢ Be specific. †¢ Choose your medium of communication effectively. †¢ Provide information via multiple channels. â € ¢ Be patient. In summary, our world is changing and the idea of International Business is coming upon us quickly.We must learn patience no matter if we are the foreigner in a different country, or if we are welcoming new employees into our company. They key to overcoming language barriers is education. We must learn about the countries we do business with and they must learn about our country. There are so many different cultures and languages that it will be helpful to learn different languages and brush up on other countries way of life.References 1. 10 Strategies for Overcoming Language Barriers. (n. d. ) Retrieved from www. culturosity. com 2. Breaking Down Language Barriers. (November 19, 2005) Retrieved from www. forbes. com 3. Communication Breakdown; Overcoming Cultural and Language Barriers in the Global Gear Market. (May 2008); Retrieved from www. geartechnology. com 4. Cultural and Language Barriers in the Workplace. (February 2002). Retrieved from the www. charlottew orks. org 5. State and County Quick Facts. (October 26, 2010). Retrieved from www. quickfacts. census. gov 6. Immigration to West Virginia. (n. d. ) Retrieved from www. usimmigrationsupport. org.

Financial Statements Essay

2. Review the Financial Statements: Income Statement from the Accounting and Bookkeeping lesson under the Business Finance section of this course. Use the information from the example income statement for Jamie’s Bead Jewelry to answer the questions below. a. What are the two sources of revenue for the company? (0.5 points) b. What is the company’s total revenue? (0.5 points) c. What is the company’s net profit? (0.5 points) d. Is the company experiencing a profit, or a loss? (0.5 points) 3. Review the Financial Statements: Balance Sheet from the Accounting and Bookkeeping lesson under the Business Finance section of this course. Use the information from the example balance sheet for Jamie’s Bead Jewelry to answer the questions below. a. What is the value of the company’s assets? (0.5 points) b. What is the total of the company’s liabilities? (0.5 points) c. What is the total owner equity? (0.5 points) 4. Calculate the following financial ratios. TIP: If you don’t remember how to calculate financial ratios, review the Calculating Financial Ratio pages from the Accounting and Bookkeeping lesson under the Business Finance section of this course. a. A company makes a net profit before tax of $12,000 and has $20,000 in total equity. Calculate the company’s return on equity as a percentage. (0.5 points) b. A company makes a net profit before tax of $5,000 and has total assets with a value of $10,000. Calculate the company’s return on assets as a percentage. (0.5 points) c. A company has $1,400 in liabilities and $1,500 in assets. Calculate the company’s debt ratio as a percentage. (0.5 points) d. A company has $1,400 in liabilities and $1,500 in equity. Calculate the company’s debt to equity ratio as a percentage. (0.5 points) e. A company’s current assets are $30,000 and current liabilities are $19,000. Calculate the company’s current ratio as a percentage. Does the company have enough assets to pay its liabilities? (1.0 points)

Censorship and dehumanization in V for Vendetta by James McTeigue and in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley

Censorship and dehumanization in V for Vendetta by James McTeigue and in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Government control over its citizens is significant to the regime and it is this dominance over their people that leaves little room to question authority, but rather conform to the regime’s ideologies. This is portrayed in V for Vendetta by James McTeigue and in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. Both film and novel show significant aspects as to how the two governments use censorship by conditioning the citizens and being cruel where the society uses dehumanization as a means of control. The government is determined to create a stable and ideal society, however, the distinction between citizens is censored by the government, resulting in totalitarian rule. This portrays the negative influence a controlling government has on people. In order to prevent it, citizens must rebel against the authority and unite. The government censors community perspective and affects their social status. In both works, the controlling governments have a negative impact on the people by reinforcing laws and restrictions on the society, making it an ideal one. This is seen in Brave New World when the Director states, â€Å"the secret of happiness and virtue-liking what you’ve got to do. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their inescapable social destiny†. The Director is emphasizing how the World State has the higher authority over everyone in society. This is exemplifying the members of the community’s castes are â€Å"conditioned† at a young age and are instructed to perform daily tasks to create an ideal society. Regardless of what a human being is capable of, the World State aims to make â€Å"people like their inescapable social destiny† meaning their rights and freedom in society are reduced, however, they are conditioned to feel happy. In contrast, in V for Vendetta, the government is also censoring the community’s perspective and affecting their social status. This is evident in the film when V mentions â€Å"cruelty and injustice, intolerance and oppression. And where once you had the freedom to object, to think and speak as you saw fit, you now have systems of surveillance coercing your conformity†. Government has ultimately shown the use of totalitarian rule as of one aspect to govern the citizens. The use of â€Å"cruelty and injustice† from the controlling government is portrayed, meaning unfairness and savagery are being shown towards the citizens which â€Å"oppresses† them to express their feelings in society. These two controlling governments are both different because of the way censorship is used against the society. The government in Brave New World uses a method of â€Å"conditioning† to make people â€Å"like their inescapable destiny,† meaning citizens perform the desired task instructed by the government. However, in V for Vendetta, the use of â€Å"cruelty and injustice† is used in order for the citizens to perform their tasks as society instructed by the government. Ultimately, the way in which each government maintains control over their citizens differs, however the objective is the same. Through the oppression of their citizens they can gain a greater rule. Another way the government has a negative impact by the use of laws and restrictions towards the people in Brave New World when the Controller states â€Å"One believes things because one has been conditioned to believe them†, drawing attention to conditioning yet again. Citizens do not have the freedom of thought to question what it is they must believe, they simply are taught to blindly believe. Similarly, in V for Vendetta, the negative governmental impact is evident when V states, â€Å"a handful of oppressors have accepted the responsibility over our lives that we should have accepted for ourselves. By doing nothing, we gave it away†. It becomes clear that V understands that the freedom of thought would have given him power to fight against the government. In both works, the contexts are similar because in Brave New World, citizens are â€Å"conditioned to believe things† at a young age. Similarly in V for Vendetta, the government is reinforced to accept the ir lives in society which are controlled by a â€Å"handful of oppressors.† Both works show the negative governmental impact on society and affecting the social status of individuals conditioning and censorship which results in a totalitarian government in order to create the ideal society. This demonstrates how the government is determined to create a utopian society by using censorship and conditioning. However, the lack of distinction amongst the individuals is censored by the government. The government’s use of dehumanization and stripping of identity is vital to create a utopian society through methods of control. This is evident in Brave New World as there is a distinct caste system that dictates each member’s identity. This is achieved through a Bokanovsky process where there are Ninety-six identical twins working ninety-six identical machines†. This exemplifies how there is no such thing as individuality as the identity is assigned to them based on a caste and they are exactly identical. Through this process, the government successfully strips a citizen’s identity and is thereby able to control them more effectively. On the other hand, V for Vendetta gave a significant aspect as to how negative governmental impact can harshly strip a citizen’s identity. This was evident in V for Vendetta when Evey reads her Valerie’s letter in the cell she was captured in and referred to the cruel injustice Valerie suffered from the govern ment. The letter read, â€Å"They shaved off my hair and held my head down a toilet bowl and told jokes about lesbians†. This is explaining how Valerie was a lesbian and had feelings for her girlfriend named Ruth. However, Ruth killed herself because she couldn’t live with betraying Valerie. Later on, they came for Valerie who was also stripped down by the government officials and harshly abused her by â€Å"shaving her hair† and holding Valerie’s head â€Å"down a toilet bowl† while making â€Å"jokes about lesbians.† These events stripped Valerie’s identity because she loved an identical gender which was oppressed by the government and thus the government thereby is able to control the society and oppressing an individual’s feelings. These two ideas contradict because of the citizens in Brave New World are assigned an identity based on a caste however, in V for Vendetta, citizens are stripped for loving their identical gender by the government. The governments are urged to create a stable society with the Bokanovsky process and stripping identity of an individual in order to maintain control over its’ society Another example of dehumanization is seen when Bernard’s characterization is shown in the book. This was evident in Brave New World when the Director states, â€Å"if ever I hear again of any lapse from a proper standard of infantile decorum, I shall ask for your transference to a Sub-Centre-preferably to Iceland†. This is demonstrating the director is stating how the characteristics of Bernard, not being â€Å"infantile† are inhuman from director’s perspective, and thus he threatens Bernard to transfer him to Iceland due to his behavior. This is also shown in V for Vendetta when Evey is tortured by V, in the same manner that V was tortured by the government and how everyone is tortured by the government. This was evident when Evey was informed by the jailkeeper, â€Å"The penalty in which is death†¦you must tell the identity of V and you can live back to your normal life. If you cooperate, you will be released from this faculty†. Evey decides not to cooperate with the government and as means of control, Evey was forced to live in severe conditions by being tortured in the cell. This scene portrays the significance of government control by stripping identity of an individual if a citizen fails to â€Å"cooperate with the government.† The mention of â€Å"penalty in which is death† was to infiltrate Evey’s mind with fear. In other words, if an individual decides not to collaborate with the authority, there are consequences for every citizen. These two medias are parallelly similar in a sense that restrictions and laws are all applied to every citizen, however the consequences are quite diverse as in Brave New World, citizens are transferred to Iceland due to any inhuman characteristics whereas in V for Vendetta, the citizens are harshly abused if an individual fails to cooperate with the authority. The government’s ideology is to create a utopian society, however, if an individual disobeys the r estrictions by the government, he/she may face consequences that results in totalitarian rule. In conclusion, Brave New World and V for Vendetta compare in the sense that they both make their audience aware of the negative governmental impact both medias shown with the use of censorship and dehumanization. The government is determined to create a utopian society despite the lack of variation between citizens and the negative governmental impact it effected on the society. The use of censorship and dehumanization dominated all individuals and putting restrictions on their uniqueness and human qualities one may possess at birth.

What is ADHD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is ADHD - Essay Example While it is clear that brain chemistry plays some role, the latter explanation seems more compelling and fully developed. Brain chemistry is one of the two main ways that one can theoretically approach ADHD and ADD. Using this theory, one would treat ADHD like a number of other neurological problems such as depression and anxiety, and treat it with drugs that affect the brain’s chemical balance in order to solve the underlying problem. The problem with this approach, however, is the fact that ADHD has never been conclusively linked to any particular brain imbalance, and no neurological test can be used to definitively identify its symptoms, unlike a large series of other neurological disorders (Furman 994). Thus, it seems that what we consider a disorder is actually a â€Å"collection of symptoms† that has not actually been associated with other neurological issues (Furman 998). The cause of ADHD thus does not appear to be a chemical imbalance in the brain. The competing hypothesis is essentially that there has been a great deal of social and lived experience that contributes to the development of these disorders. There is a great deal of support for such an argument: primarily, it seems that treating the co-morbid issues of children facing ADHD (such as family issues, learning problems and so forth) has a direct impact on their experience of ADHD, a reason why a variety of treatments, including family counseling and educational assessments, are necessary in dealing with ADHD (Furman 999). This theory, thus, constructs ADHD as more of a â€Å"volitional† disorder (Garro and Yarris 603), which, like many behavior problems, has its roots in choices that children make along with the environment in which they develop. This cause-effect relationship is better supported by evidence than the brain-chemical model, which is directly disputed by the prevalence

Evaluative Report (Social Science Research) Research Paper

Evaluative Report (Social Science ) - Research Paper Example Meanwhile, qualitative research refers to research that â€Å"produces findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other means of quantification† (Strauss and Corbin 1998, p. 10-11). It is appropriate for â€Å"persons’ lives, lived experiences, behaviours, emotions, and feelings as well as about organizational functioning, social movements, cultural phenomena, and interactions between nations† (Strauss and Corbin 1998, p. 11). It is interpretative (Strauss and Corbin 1998, p. 11). For making the distinction and discuss the difference between the two, we discuss two articles: one on quantitative research and the other on qualitative research to understand better the two types of research. We point out however that there are mixed research methods. The work of Lo and Zhong (2006) explored how the variable gender intervenes on the effects of â€Å"structural factors† on crime rates. In particular, Lo and Zhong argued that while people face the same â€Å"structural factors†, the effects of these factors can be modified by gender (2006, p. 318). Following up the work of earlier scholars, Lo and Zhong study pointed out that macro-level social ties can have effects on crime that exceed those of the â€Å"traditional structural-disadvantage factors† (p. 318). The authors argue that theory provides a basis to believe that structural disadvantages can explain crime (p. 319). The authors argue that social control rooted in strong relationships developed from marriage and employment can strongly influence the crime rates (p. 319). Lo and Zhong argued that strong social ties are built from relationships like marital relationships such that when the likelihood of family disruption increase, the likelihood of deviance also increase (p. 319). Thus, they hypothesized that when married people largely populate a locality, the demographics will likely indicate mutual

Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Zara - Essay Example tay committed to the principles surrounding supply chain management. The make-buy decision In a bid to understand the direct impact of supply chain management on the running and development of organizations, Zara has been chosen to be a focal point in this essay. This essay will critically analyze the supply chain system in place at Zara and how best it is working. It would also discuss the weaknesses of the organization’s supply chain system and how it can be improved. Zara as a fashion retail organization has been chosen by the writer purposely because of the organization is fast developing attention among reviewers who have supply chain management as their focus. Such reviewers as Kasra Ferdows, Michael A. Lewis and Jose A.D. Machuca of Harvard Business Review place premium on the recent successes that Zara is recording with its retail of fashion products. The cause of the success has been linked to the company’s supply chain system. In the view of Ferdows, Lewis and Jose (2005), â€Å"Zara has hit on a formula for supply chain success that works.† One critical area of retailing, of which Zara as a retail organization is inclusive is the concept of make-buy decision. Make-buy decision would be especially useful for discussion as far as Zara is concerned because Zara is into retail of fashion products, of which it has the choice either to manufacture its products or to purchase them. According to the Encyclopedia of Management (2010), make-or-buy decision is the act of making a strategic choice between producing an item internally (in-house) or buy it externally (from an outside supplier).† Applying the principles of make-buy decision to Zara, it can be inferred that for the organization to make a decision whether to buy or make should be backed by carefully scrutinized strategic analysis. This is seen in the definition given by the encyclopedia, making mention of the word ‘strategic’. It should be observed that fashion is a global language, yet varying and versatile (Akuoko, 2009, p.19). This makes the demand of customers for a particular type or style of fashion change over time. Due to the unstable nature of world fashion, Zara must therefore have strategic analysis at management level that ensures that the core needs of varying consumers are met. Zara has consumers from all over Europe and from different cultures. This is both a challenge and an opportunity for the organization to be diversifying. This way, the make-buy decision should permit the organization to select the kinds of fashion line they can produce internally and those they would have to depend on from external sources. In deciding which to produce internally, the organization must factor in their areas of strength and specialization. Though it is common knowledge that â€Å"Zara's designers create approximately 40,000 new designs annually, from which 10,000 are selected for production† (Harvard Business Review, 2005), it c ould equally be true that the organization cannot be ‘master of all trade’. To this effect, the principle of buy-make decision permits the organization to produce only on its specialization and buy the rest. Sourcing Strategies and supply chain configurations The decision on what to buy or make may be a complicated one but once that

Balanced Score Card Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Balanced Score Card - Essay Example "The aspects that the scorecard contains should be quantifiable or measurable. This is because it would be difficult to interpret something that cannot be measured in the first place." (Metrics, Scorecard, KPI's Measure Tools 2008). It could be seen that although financial parameters are seen as measuring tool of performance, there are now other aspects also which are equally critical in terms of customers, employee satisfactions, innovative methods, quality, quantum of sales, etc. The fundamental truth behind the Balance Score Card is to ensure that " that no single measure can provide a clear performance target or focus attention on all the critical areas of business, they proposed the concept of a Balanced Scorecard as a more sophisticated approach for meeting these shortcomings." (Pienaar & Penzhorn, 2000, pp.202-209). Just as financial ineptitudes could bring down a company, in the present context it is seen that even fall in sales, loss of goodwill, quality issues, etc could spell disaster for the company. at cannot be measured in the first place.

Jesus as founder of Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Jesus as founder of Christianity - Essay Example That Jesus of Nazareth, the Messiah or Christ, is the founder of Christianity is held as an unquestionable assumption by many Christians is obvious, but careful scholarship requires that the assumption be qualified, if not refuted. A founder may be defined as a person who establishes, initiates, originates or lays the foundations of an idea, movement, group or institution . Identifying a founder of Christianity then will require one to determine with which person did the religion originate, who established it, who introduced it as an idea or movement, and who gave it its structure and organisation. As we shall see, this task is not a clear-cut one. The origins of Christianity were fraught with much controversy, and its development into the organized religion and group of religious systems that we now call Christianity cannot be said to have been a smooth and linear one. This paper then explores the above question along three axes: Jesus as the founder of Christianity; Jesus as the originator of a Jewish Messianic sect that â€Å"posthumously† became Christianity; and the apostles as the founder of a Jewish sect that became Christianity through the interpretations and Christology of Paul. According to The Columbia Encyclopaedia, the main teachings of Christianity are that "Jesus is the Son of God; that his life on earth, his crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension into heaven are proof of God's love for humanity and God's forgiveness of human sins; and that by faith in Jesus one may attain salvation and eternal life"3. It is indisputable that Christianity centres on the life, death, resurrection, and teachings of Jesus, without whom the religion wouldn't exist. He is the pre-eminent source, and the great 'rabbi', whose words and the Midrash4 thereof form the New Testament scriptures. It is Jesus who gives the basis for the religion's creation in the forty days between His resurrection and ascension: "After his suffering he appeared to them over a period of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God. He said to them 'you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.'"5 Although Christianity begins in earnest after Jesus' ascension, he lays the foundations for it to be carried out in the above quote and in the Great Commission: "Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation. Whoever believes and is baptised will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned. And [miraculous] signs will accompany those who believe".6 There are two things of note about this commission; the first is that it reiterates the disciples' missionary work during the lifetime of Jesus7, and the second is that it gives the disciples the power and authori ty to continue doing the miraculous work that Jesus had done in his lifetime. The first time the gospel is preached after the resurrection is on the day of Pentecost, when, on receiving the promised Holy Spirit, Peter addresses the crowd gathered8. His sermon takes the following form: he recalls the Messianic prophecy in Joel and relates the story of Jesus' life, work, persecution and resurrection, using this to demonstrate that "God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ."9 He closes with a rejoinder that indicates the basic tenet of 'The Way': "Repent and be baptised, everyone of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit."10 'The Way' eventually becomes known as 'Christianity', after the appellation given to the disciples in Antioch11. On the one hand, the above shows that to some extent, Jesus can be considered the founder of Christianity, since it originates and is grounded in him. On the other hand, it shows, as most definitions of Christianity claim, that the religion that bears his name is actually founded by his followers after his death12. In one sense, Christianity,

Why Are The Generation X Negatively Described Essay

Why Are The Generation X Negatively Described - Essay Example During his period, there existed rapid degeneration and disorganization of activities. Deaths occurred and the labor force most so in the US was vastly interrupted. Generation x is therefore known as the children of the baby boomers by the majority of the scholars (Mitchell, 2001). Generation x have been defined with relevance to the workplace ethics and several descriptions have also been put forward to explain the behavior of this group of people in terms of how they relate with other humans in the social sphere. They are described very negatively and their attributes made degenerative. They are the kind of people who are presumed to be very lazy at work and only prefer to work under specified and forceful conditions. Generation x exhibits a high level of arrogance given chance, and only work well under strict supervision. Generally, they don’t like work. Several research works have been put forward to try and make people understand this clot of people. It has been found out that a wide gap exists between the baby boomers and the generation x in terms of characteristics and behavior. Parameters like skill, ethics, knowledge, critical thinking and morality were critically and considerably identified as features that may exist to contrast the two generations of human beings (Coupland, 2008). Work ethics don’t exist in the category of generation x, they are very stubborn and do not even respect their seniors at work. They also do not perform work according to descriptions and the necessary accolades. It is generally argued that generation x are selfish individuals who look up to their family members for support of their daily livelihoods. To do not at all costs try to work hard and achieve one for their own. This argument may be true or not since humans are different, both in the way, they think and how they act. Therefore it should not be generally argued that the generation x category is selfish, lazy and do not want to work as this may compromis e the human nature of free thinking, liberty to act and critical and creative analysis of presented ideas as well as the urge to be independent in thought. Generally, generation x characteristics and behavior has only been influenced by time or the period where they were born. Despite this, they are still able to cope with the lifetime challenges just like any other human being. According to research work findings, it is true that technological trends keep up to date with them since they keep working hard to familiarize themselves with the recent changes. This has canceled the notion that they are lazy and do not want to work. The American labor sector was the very foundation of the noticeable characteristics of Generation X. In most employment circles, these characteristics were most noticeable in comparison to the previous generations like baby boomers that dominated most the workplaces then. Most people in this generation got into the workforce in the 1980s and were mostly judged by the existing generations. It must be emphasized that certain biases become inevitable in such judgments. The baby boomers are known to be hard workers who cherish perfection on the job and strive to attain excellence in the workplace. Generation X, on the other hand, is seen to be arrogant in most instances and will, therefore, make poor or strict managers. However, in comparison to Generation Y, the Generation Xers do not put much focus on monetary rewards in their selection of employment opportunities.  

Christian scriptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Christian scriptures - Essay Example The Christian holy scripture forms the starting point of the great majority of the doctrines and theological concepts adopted as well as disputed by the numerous denominations of the Christian faith.2 Today as much as in the past the Old Testament could be read to give the reader an indication of what Jesus Christ was expected to achieve, whilst the New Testament describes what he is supposed to have actually achieved. The New Testament also mentions how the Early Church started to spread the Christian religion whilst having debates about the best means of leading Christian lives.3 The studies of the New Testament soon came to the conclusion that there was a great deal that the Synoptic Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke held in common with each other.4 The study of holy scriptures was tightly restricted before the Reformation yet that altered with the spread of Protestantism, especially in its most evangelical guises.5 The consequences of the Protestant Reformation as well as the Roman Catholic counter - Reformation could be arguably discerned in the study of holy scriptures right down to our own times.6 The numerous Protestant sects and the Roman Catholic Church even now present their own, sometimes very different interpretations of the holy scriptures.7 Yet in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries many Biblical scholars were of the opinion that the Synoptic Gospels all shared at least shared one common source of information about Jesus before using different sources to raise the unique parts of their own gospel accounts.8 Those different understandings of holy scriptures are shaped by theological differences and how literally the text of the Holy Bible is, or is not taken to be. The Christian holy scriptures had a very strong influence over the development of many Western cultures and societies although there are convincing indications of declining religious affiliations in

Ideology of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Ideology of Pakistan Essay The ideology of Pakistan stems from the instinct of the Muslim community of South Asia to maintain their individuality by resisting all attempts by the Hindu society to absorb it. Muslims of South Asia believe that Islam and Hinduism are not only two religions, but also two social orders that have given birth to two distinct cultures with no similarities. The ideology of Pakistan took shape through an evolutionary process. Historical experience provided the base; with Sir Syed Ahmad Khan began the period of Muslim self-awakening; Allama Iqbal provided the philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam translated it into a political reality; and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives Resolution in March 1949, gave it legal sanction. It was due to the realization of Muslims of South Asia that they are different from the Hindus that they demanded separate electorates. When they realized that their future in a Democratic India dominated by Hindu majority was not safe; they put forward their demand for a separate state. As early as in the beginning of the 11th century, Al-Biruni observed that Hindus differed from the Muslims in all matters and habits. He further elaborated his argument by writing that the Hindus considered Muslims Mlachha, or impure. And they forbid having any connection with them, be it intermarriage or any other bond of relationship. They even avoid sitting, eating and drinking with them, because they feel polluted. Read more:  Political Issues in Pakistan The Ideology of Pakistan has its roots deep in history. The history of South Asia is largely a history of rivalry and conflict between the Hindus and Muslims of the region. Both communities have been living together in the same area since the early 8th century, since the advent of Islam in India. Yet, the two have failed to develop harmonious relations. In the beginning, one could find the Muslims and Hindus struggling for supremacy in the battlefield. Starting with the war between Muhammad bin Qasim and Raja Dahir in 712, armed conflicts between Hindus and Muslims run in thousands. Clashes between Mahmud of Ghazni and Jaypal, Muhammad Ghuri and Prithvi Raj, Babur and Rana Sanga and Aurangzeb and Shivaji are cases in point. When the Hindus of South Asia failed to establish Hindu Padshahi through force, they opted for back door conspiracies. Bhakti Movement, Akbar’s diversion. IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN WHAT IS AN IDEOLOGY? †¢ A political ideology is a system of beliefs that explains and justifies a preferred political order, either existing or proposed and offers a strategy (Institution, processes, program) for its attainment. †¢ An ideology offers an interpretation of the past, explanation of the present and a vision of the future †¢ Ideology is a set of beliefs, values and ideals of a group and a nation. It is deeply ingrained in the social consciousness of the people. †¢ It is a set of principles, a framework of action and guidance system that gives order and meaning to life and human action. HOW IDEOLOGY EMERGES †¢ When thinking of a nation or a social group is rejected. †¢ An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order, when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in the society, and when the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies them †¢ STEPS OF IDEOLOGY EVOLUTION o Consciousness o Analysis of current situation o Creating new thinking o Legitimate – De-legitimate o Role of Leadership IMPORTANCE OF IDEOLOGY †¢ It is a motivating force †¢ It provides a common plate form.

Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination Essay â€Å"We all decry prejudice, yet are all prejudiced. † Herbert Spencer. One of the greatest problem that our world faces is prejudice, we discrimination and stereotype those that we find not to be the same as us or even slightly different. In some form or another we all have experience some form of stereotype or discrimination. It has an effect on the way we think and act. Here we try to understand the reason for prejudice, why we stereotypes and discrimination that has continue to affect out world. What is prejudice? â€Å"Prejudice is the act of judging an individual of a certain group based on perceived notions about that particular group. Prejudice is linked to discrimination but prejudice is an attitude whereas discrimination is the action associated with that attitude. †(Prejudice 2001). Many times we dislike something or someone just because they look or act differently from us. â€Å"A group that you are a part of is called your in-group. Ingroups might include gender, race, or city or state of residence, as well as groups you might intentionally join, like Kiwanis or a bowling league. A group that you do not identify with is called your outgroup. † ( Feenstra, 2013) everyone belongs to a certain group and we all know who is in our group and those that do not fit in our groups. Most time adult do not realize when they somehow out a person from there groups, but some do it intentionally. When we out a person from our group we really do not take the time to get to know or find out who they are, but we tend to pass judgment on them anyways. â€Å"Stereotypes are beliefs about the characteristics of particular groups or members of those groups. †( Feenstra, 2013) people tend to place into categories things and people, gathering them together without learn who or what they are. For example; that everyone that speaks Spanish is Mexican, when in reality there is a total of 21 Spanish country and they do not all speak the same Spanish. When we stereotype people into groups, we form opinion about them without getting to know there person, this sometime causing prejudice and discrimination against them. â€Å"They not only reflect beliefs about the traits that characterize the typical member of a group but also contain information about other qualities, such as social roles, the degree to which members of the group share a quality, and emotional reactions. Stereotypes imply a substantial amount of other information about a person besides what is immediately apparent and generate expectations about individual group members beyond the current situation ). One important time frame in the world would be the holocaust were the Jewish people were separated from other people because they were believed to be lower than the German and the cause of their problem lead them to torture and abuse the Jewish people as well as kill thousands of Jewish men woman and children. The people that suffer the most from prejudice and any form of discrimination are woman and children especially those living in third world country were at time it is the root of wars. I have been lucky not have been affected by any form of prejudice or discrimination. But as a teen in high school there was always that one person that felt like stereotyping a few people to try to hurt them. Only thru education can we combat any form of stereotypes, discrimination and Prejudice. In conclusion stereotypes, discrimination and Prejudice has influence the way people think and act. It has been the cause of suffering to those effected, as well as the cause of war and separation. Prejudice is a form of ignorance; it is a lack of knowledge, a lack of understanding toward others. Thru education and tolerances we can learn to accept other no matter where they.

Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology Essay

Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology Essay A drug delivery system can be defined as the mechanism for the introduction of drug and other therapeutic agents into the body for treating any disease. An ideal drug delivery system possesses two elements: (1) the ability to target -to ensure high efficiency and reduce the side effects, (2) controlled drug release (3) prevention of side effects [8]. Using nanomaterials for drug delivery NDD (nanoparticle drug delivery) has the following advantages: reduced drug toxicity better penetration of the particles different delivery routes minimizes the irritant reactions improved bio-availability and increased circulation time controlled drug release and targeting It is one of the Green Technology methods as the focus is on minimizing the hazard side effects and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical (drug) of choice and replacing the existing products with new nanoparticles that are friendly throughout their lifecycle[8],[7]. QUANTUM DOTS FOR NDDS: NDDS means Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System. A system with high sensitivity, large resolution, and low cost is needed for the maintenance of drug delivery i.e. to check the nanocarrier distribution, drug release and degradation inside the body. Quantum Dots are highly suitable for such systems.[1] The important characteristics of Quantum dots which make them suitable for drug delivery systems are: small size, versatility of surface chemistry to incorporate various drugs, unique optical properties for real time monitoring of drug transport and release both at systemic and cellular levels. These Quantum Dots can be used as carriers by integrating with many drugs and also used as tags for other drug carriers. [6] WHY QUANTUM DOTS One of the important reasons why Quantum Dots are preferred is that it can be used for the traceable drug delivery as it has the potential to elucidate the pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body) of drug when it is introduced into our body [6]. Using QDs will be a combination of unique physical, chemical, and optical properties which helps to study the interactions of these nanocarriers with biological systems through real-time monitoring and calculating the biodistribution of nanoparticle, drug release, intracellular uptake and degradation [5]. Comparing to the conventional imaging techniques like MRI and PET, the optical imaging using Quantum Dots is highly sensitive with high resolution and at very cheap cost which will automatically lead to the reduction of time involved in the development of new drug and many discoveries in the field [6]. ADVANTAGES OF USING QDs Optical imaging with high resolution, high sensitivity, multiplexing, and low cost Small size which leads to less amount of drug usage and low drug toxicity Versatile surface chemistry, Improved bioavailability and delivery of drug in a controlled and sustained manner Decreased incidence of side effects and improve patient compliance Comparing other conventional probes, QDs are more resistant which allows tracking cell processes for longer periods of time and which will lead to discovery of new molecular interactions Quantum dots have size dependant emission which can be modified according to our requirement (from UV to IR range) Fluorescence is seen for longer time when compared to conventional dyes. The extremely small size gives them great flexibility by allowing them using different delivery routes eg. they can be injected as liquid mixtures, fabrics, and polymer.[7] PROPERTIES OF QDs Some of the properties of Quantum Dots that are used to examine nanocarrier behavior in biological systems are: ([2], [5],[7]) Small size: size maybe around 2-10 nm in diameter that enables tagging of drug/carriers. Single or multi-component systems can be labeled for tracing and monitoring Surface chemistry: compatibility with various drug carriers integrating a wide range of nanoparticle drug carrier system. Emission profile: identifying quantum dots by its sharp narrow emission peak allows simultaneous observation of multiple nanocarriers within a same system. High brightness: detection of QDs inside body facilitates the tracing of nanocarriers in vivo. High photostability: QDs are more resistant to photobleaching that enables long term real time tracking. QUANTUM DOTS AS NANOCARRIERS Quantum Dots are considered as carriers and the therapeutic drug molecules are directly linked to them to be delivered to the target sites. Here it serves as both vehicle carrying the drug and tracing probe used for the real time monitoring. In drug delivery, size of the Quantum Dots is considered as a very important parameter. The size of QDs varies from 2 10 nm, and it increases to 5 20 nm in diameter after drug encapsulation. It should be noted that QDs of size smaller than 5 nm are removed in the process of renal filtration and those particles bigger is size have problems in penetrating through the tissues and many bigger particles are wiped out before they could reach their destination. Another important characteristics of QDs to be considered for drug delivery is the ratio of surface-to-volume. If this ratio is high then multiple carriers can be linked on single QDs without changing the average diameter of the nanocarrier system. Thus the ratio of surface-to-volume should be high. Fig.1 A Multifunctional Quantum Dot coated with Amphiphillic Polymer [6] The above figure illustrates that QD acts as core structural hydrophobic scaffold and the amphiphillic polymer is coated outside the core. The drug molecules which are hydrophobic in nature are embedded between the core and the polymer coating. And those hydrophilic therapeutic molecules can be incorporated on the amphiphillic coating. Multiple layers of ligands can be linked in subsequent layers not directly linked to the QD core but to the previous layers of coating and is controlled by them. These nanocarriers also protect the therapeutic molecule or proteins used from the bodys own immune system defense mechanism by encapsulating them within themselves. [6] Yamomoto et al did research on using quantum dots to treat stroke in and reported that the nanocarriers QD captopril conjugates were capable of lowering blood pressure in rats. But it was not known whether the therapeutic effect of lowering pressure was due to the conjugate or the detached drug from the quantum dots. [6]. Not only drugs, other therapeutic molecules like small interfering RNA, oligodeoxynucleotide and biomolecules e.g. antibodies, peptides can also be incorporated into the nanocarriers. siRNA delivery using quantum dots was reported by Bhatia et al. siRNA moleculeas were successfully delivered using targeted nanocarriers because of the size similarity between QDs and siRNA. Whereas larger molecules like plasmid will require many QDs for successful delivery. [6] Mn-doped ZnS Qds encapsulated with glycopolypeptide were fabricated for the drug delivery. Characterization and in vitro studies were done to prove the low cytotoxicity of the nanocarriers and it was good effort for the targeted drug delivery [4]. QUANTUM DOTS AS TAGS FOR OTHER DRUG CARRIERS Due to the unique properties of Quantum Dots, they are used as tags to label other drug carriers and are used as traceable drug delivery. The high photostability helps in the real time tracking of the nanocarrier inside the body. Therefore strong fluorescence signal indicates higher uptake of drug by the cells. The wavelength of the emitted signal depends on the size of the Quntum Dots used. Thus it is very specific to the QDs and thereby simultaneous nanocarriers can be used and the signals can be easily identified. Chen et al. reported about their work of siRNA delivery with QD conjugated with Lipofectamine. The results showed that fluorescence intensity of QD is proportional to the degree of silencing i.e. if lipoplex uptake is more than the fluorescence will be stronger. [6] Another work done by Zhang et al. reported the synthesis of QD-chitosan conjugate nanobeads for the delivery of siRNA. It was successfully traced because of the conjugation with QDs. [6] Amphipol nanocpmplex were prepared for the real time imaging of siRNA by Lifeng et al. it was delivered intracellularly and imaged in a real time pattern. [12] SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION There are many ways of preparing Quantum Dots. Some of the noted process of fabricating QDs are Lithography, Colloidal synthesis, Epitaxial methods, some chemical methods [2],[10]. Generally NDDS is prepared in the following steps: Nowadays many non-toxic semiconductor QDs are used for the drug delivery. Consider for example ZnO. It is a non-toxic semiconductor when compared to other Quantum Dots such as CdS, CdTe. These QDs can be combined with biocompatible and biodegradable polymer to increase the stability and non-immunogenicity of the nanocarriers. It also shields the nanocarriers from the interference of other interacting molecules inside biological environment. Chitosan is a natural copolymer which on encapsulation enhances the quantum dots properties like solubility in water, metal chelation and easy processing and biocompatibility [3]. Characterization studies like TEM, UV-VIS, PL spectroscopy, FTIR, Drug release response test are done after the synthesis. TEM is used to find out the size range of the fabricated QD. PL and PLE spectra give information about the emission spectra. FTIR confirms the incorporation of the drug into the QD and Drug release response test gives the amount of drug released and tells about the type of drug delivery. [10], [3]. CONCLUSION: Quantum Dots will be the future of drug delivery systems if the only drawback has been eliminated. The only disadvantage in using Quantum Dots is their long term toxicity. This can be overcome by replacing the core of the QD with biocompatible agents like gold or magnetic nanoparticles which offers a unique combination of therapy like magnetofection and photothermal treatment. Recent studies show that quantum dots to be safe on primates [9]. Quantum Dots will be a powerful tool to diagnose and treat cancer [11]. Thus quantum dots will become the new era of drug delivery.

The Cost-Benefit Analysis of Solar Energy Essay -- alternative energy,

In recent decades, much debate has ensued about the vast amount of natural resources and ecological services society depletes. Moreover, the debate has evaluated how society depletes these natural resources at a faster rate than the environment can replenish. It also assesses how society can mitigate these environmental issues in order to preserve our natural resources for the prosperity of future generations. Research suggests that the natural resources we currently use, such as coal and petroleum, could be fully depleted within the next 25 and 100 years respectively (Byrd, 2012). Given that society has a tendency to over-consume natural resources, many economists have suggested that the use of alternative energy could alleviate the effects of overconsumption and the environment's ability to replenish. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential of solar energy (SE) on society and the environment by evaluating a cost-benefit analysis between solar energy technology (SET) and conve ntional energy resources. Electricity and The Call for Solar Technology: Research on conventional energy resources has shown that the demand of electricity has drastically increased in recent decades, and will continue to increase in the future (Zweibel, 2010). Moreover, by evaluating business as usual models, where the annual growth rate of demand for electricity ranges from 2% and 3.2%, research has suggested that annual world demand for electricity will soar from around 20 trillion kWh (kilowatts) in 2010 to 60 trillion kWh in 2050 and 200 trillion kWh by 2100. Additionally, the average growth rate of renewable resources has only increased about 1.6% per annum, in comparison to the 4% annual growth rate of conventional energy resources. (Lloyd & F... .... Solar Photovoltaic Installation in California: Understanding the Likelihood of Adoption Given Incentives, Electricity Pricing and Consumer Characteristics. Duke University, USA. [Found using CRS, Wiser, R., Barbose, G., & Peterman, C.] Sarzynski, A., Larrieu, J., & Shrimali, G. (2012). The impact of state financial incentives on market deployment of solar technology. Energy Policy, 46, 550-557. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.032 [EL] Tsoutsos, T., Frantzeskaki, N., & Gekas, V. (2005). Environmental impacts from the solar energy technologies. Energy Policy, 33, 289-296. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00241-6 [Conceptual] Zweibel, K. (2010). Should solar photovoltaics be deployed sooner because of long operating life at low, predictable cost? Energy Policy, 38(11), 7519-7530. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.07.040

Wrestling Match Loss Essay -- Narrative Memoir Essays

Wrestling Match Loss    As I crawled off of the mat in anguish, I couldn't believe that I let it happen again. My one chance to settle the score and truly prove that I was better, was gone. My coaches and friends tried to tell me how good I did and how lucky he got, but it only made the pain worse. They put into perspective exactly how close I was to beating him, and it just made me think more. Think about how this was his last year, and how I would never be able to avenge my defeat. It made me feel like everything that I had worked for all season was lost in a split second, one that I couldn't take back. The 2000-2001 wrestling season started off the same as any other with tormenting practices and the effort to get in as good of shape as possible for the upcoming season. I can truly tell you that wrestling is the most physically and mentally demanding activity that I have ever participated in. The amount of joy when you win is overwhelming because it was all you and nobody can say that they won it for you. Unfortunately, the same can be said about losing. I can't describe how it feels to lose a close match that you know that you should have won. Learning to deal with that feeling and move on is the hard part of it. You have to be mentally tough and realize that it just makes you better to lose small, than to win big. I started the season off well, but didn't win a tournament until late in the season in Lake County. In the finals of that tournament I wrestled a kid from Cedaredge by the name of Roy Gage. The reason that I singled this match out is because you will probably be hearing quite a bit more about Mr. Gage. In a previous dual match, I had pinned Roy in the first period and he didn't seem to be much more than a du... ...e mat in disbelief. It took me a while to recover from the crushing loss. I didn't talk to anybody the rest of the day, and pretty much kept to myself. Charlie, James, and Kyle cheered me up a little with their wins in the finals. I almost forgot about the match completely when James won state, but afterwards it all came back to me. The match still haunts me today, but I think that it will do more good than harm. It will make me work harder this year to make sure that I don't get put in a situation like that again, and if I do then I will remember how bad it was to lose to someone that shouldn't have beat me. I'm convinced that it will make me work that much harder not to let it happen again. I got fourth at state as a Junior, which is pretty good, but that match will remain in my memory forever, and it will make me shoot for bigger and better things this year.

Sir Karl Popper :: Philosophy of Science Klemke Essays

Sir Karl Popper Sir Karl Popper's intent in "Science: Conjectures and Refutations" from Klemke's Philosophy of Science is to fortify distinctions between the classes (and, we suppose, the quality) of intellectual discourse in his era, distinctions which were far less precise then than they are today. Popper's argument, in essence, maintains that a number of scientific theories are pseudoscientific at best, owing to the "anything goes" nature of their power to explain. The broad acceptance of such theories owes much to the satisfaction derived from their proponents in using them to justify a preferred response, whatever the data or observations truly imply. The argument presented by Popper seems, ironically, to be driven more by sociological factors (and even emotional ones) than any other. The irony here is that these same factors are what drive the disciplines he is striving to refute: Marxist Theory of History, Freudian psychoanalysis, and Adlerian individual psychology. Living in the times when these theories emerged, Popper is well-positioned to guage their impact first-hand, and understand the social dynamics underlying their acceptance and proliferation. It is arguable that the pseudoscience of which Popper writes (based on readings of Kuhn in "The Copernican Revolution") owes something to the philosophically-flavored efforts of the Greeks. Kuhn points out that the ancients tended to de-emphasize mathematical precision in favor of philosophical comfort; that is, the "satisfaction" offered by a theory (or perhaps its elegance) took precedence over more empirical factors. This is certainly true of the cases Popper cites. Marxist theory and psychoanalysis have both offered their advocates a high degree of emotional and aesthetic satisfaction (and one is led to wonder how Freud would have fared among the Greeks). Moreover, there are far greater satisfactions in store for the Marxists and Freudians: there are very positive political and professional consequences to their discourse, leading to a natural preference for the aesthetics of their theories over the empirical. It is easy to wonder if Popper has a similar motivation. Faced with a style of discourse he finds uncomfortable, he undertakes to set those theorists whom he respects (and himself) apart from the pseudoscientific style. Pure empiricism cannot be his motivation, for that is what he is seeking to define, in an age when the definitions were not altogether clear. There is an unquestionable tone of dissatifaction to his essay - his distaste for the pseudoscientists is politely expressed but unmistakeable - and it can be argued that he, too, is seeking to route out the inelegant in a quest for the elegant. Sir Karl Popper :: Philosophy of Science Klemke Essays Sir Karl Popper Sir Karl Popper's intent in "Science: Conjectures and Refutations" from Klemke's Philosophy of Science is to fortify distinctions between the classes (and, we suppose, the quality) of intellectual discourse in his era, distinctions which were far less precise then than they are today. Popper's argument, in essence, maintains that a number of scientific theories are pseudoscientific at best, owing to the "anything goes" nature of their power to explain. The broad acceptance of such theories owes much to the satisfaction derived from their proponents in using them to justify a preferred response, whatever the data or observations truly imply. The argument presented by Popper seems, ironically, to be driven more by sociological factors (and even emotional ones) than any other. The irony here is that these same factors are what drive the disciplines he is striving to refute: Marxist Theory of History, Freudian psychoanalysis, and Adlerian individual psychology. Living in the times when these theories emerged, Popper is well-positioned to guage their impact first-hand, and understand the social dynamics underlying their acceptance and proliferation. It is arguable that the pseudoscience of which Popper writes (based on readings of Kuhn in "The Copernican Revolution") owes something to the philosophically-flavored efforts of the Greeks. Kuhn points out that the ancients tended to de-emphasize mathematical precision in favor of philosophical comfort; that is, the "satisfaction" offered by a theory (or perhaps its elegance) took precedence over more empirical factors. This is certainly true of the cases Popper cites. Marxist theory and psychoanalysis have both offered their advocates a high degree of emotional and aesthetic satisfaction (and one is led to wonder how Freud would have fared among the Greeks). Moreover, there are far greater satisfactions in store for the Marxists and Freudians: there are very positive political and professional consequences to their discourse, leading to a natural preference for the aesthetics of their theories over the empirical. It is easy to wonder if Popper has a similar motivation. Faced with a style of discourse he finds uncomfortable, he undertakes to set those theorists whom he respects (and himself) apart from the pseudoscientific style. Pure empiricism cannot be his motivation, for that is what he is seeking to define, in an age when the definitions were not altogether clear. There is an unquestionable tone of dissatifaction to his essay - his distaste for the pseudoscientists is politely expressed but unmistakeable - and it can be argued that he, too, is seeking to route out the inelegant in a quest for the elegant.

Inductive and Deductive Agruments

Kurt Lieberknecht The similarities and difference between inductive and deductive arguments. The best way to describe the similarities and difference between inductive and deductive arguments, it would be best if the term â€Å"argument† had a definition. Everyday people have arguments. For these everyday conversations â€Å"argument† means â€Å"dispute†. In this Logic class an argument consists of claims or statements followed by a final claim. The statements that articulates the reason for agreement of the final claim called â€Å"the premises† (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007, Argument).This class uses this definition of â€Å"argument† to determine how to build a position on certain subjects, and reasoning to convince others to accept the final claim or conclusion (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic  11/e, 2012, 2). If  more logical arguments were presented, there might be  fewer non-logical arguments or nonarguments. Th is gets to the main subject of comparing and contrasting inductive and deductive arguments. Statements can be considered arguments or nonarguments. Arguments can be either inductive or deductive. An argument leads to a conclusion led by a premise or premises.The premises can be true or false, in which case will change a deductive argument from sound to unsound and vice versa. The same is true for inductive arguments but the wording is cogent or uncogent. These arguments also have a terminology that describes them even further. A deductive argument can be valid or invalid, and an inductive argument can be strong or weak. Some of the biggest difference between the two includes; that an inductive argument includes new information into the argument to make the final conclusion, deductive arguments use repeating information to get to a conclusion, and wording (Smith, Mathew 2012, Logical Argument).The subject of what constitutes as an argument, it needs to consist of one or more premises and a conclusion (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic   11/e, 2012, 14). When the premises present high-quality reasons to accept the conclusion it is stated that it is an argument. If the premises fail to support the conclusion it is still considered an argument as it has a premise and a conclusion. Being an argument does not always make the conclusion  true; that only predetermines that the conclusion follows from the premises.If  the premises are reasonable, and the final claim relates to the premises, the conclusion is very likely to be true (Hurley, 16). In other words, it is necessary for a statement to have a premise and a conclusion to be recognized as an argument in this Logic class. The argument needs to be checked if the premises are true or reasonable to  believe, and if the statements are clear. If all this is the case, it is a logical argument. If there logical argument that is deductive it is called sound. If there is a logical argument that is inducti ve it is called cogent.In a  deductive  argument, a person states that the conclusion must be correct  if, and only if, the premises are true. If the premises support the final claim, it is a  valid  argument: 1. Dogs have whiskers. 2. Animals with whiskers are mammals. C. Dogs are mammals. This is a deductive argument that is valid and has true premises it is called a  sound  argument. If the premises are false but the conclusion is true it is considered an unsound argument. This is a valid argument, but it is unsound. Here is an example. 1. All birds can fly. 2. A penguin is a bird. C. A penguin can fly.This is a valid argument because the premises support the conclusion, but a penguin clearly cannot fly. The premise â€Å"all birds can fly† is false making it an unsound argument. If a deductive argument has bad or incorrect logic, the premises do not support the conclusion even if the premises are true, the argument is  invalid. 1. All humans are mammals. 2 . Mike’s dog is a mammal. C. Mike’s dog is a human. 1. When Tim takes a shower, Tim gets wet. 2. Tim is wet. C. Tim must have taken a shower. Both conclusions are false: Mike’s dog, clearly, is not a human, and Tim could have just fallen in a ditch, or even was sprayed by a water gun.These examples show that truth of the premises is irrelevant for the validity of an argument and that validity relies solely on the logical form and if the premises support the conclusion. When a deductive argument has false premises and a true conclusion or if it has true premises but bad logic, the argument is flawed and we should reject its conclusion. It is unsound. If a deductive argument is clear, valid  and has all true premises, it is a valid sound  argument and there is a reason to accept its conclusion. In an  inductive  argument, a person claims that the conclusion is true and it is highly likely if the premises are true.If an inductive argument is logical, we cal l it a  strong  argument. If an inductive argument has bad or incorrect logic, the argument is  weak. Here are a few examples: 1. Most students at a community college live within a 20 mile radius of the campus. 2. OJC is a community college. 3. Kurt is a student at OJC. C. He must live within a 20 mile radius of OJC. This conclusion is very probable because the premises are germane to the conclusion. Only because, all of the premises are true it is a cogent argument. We may say that this argument is true. . Taylor and Ana are both students at OJC. 2. Ana is tall and so is Taylor. 3. Ana and Taylor are both 20 years old. 4. Ana majors in math, and so does Taylor. 5. Ana is on the volleyball team. C. Taylor must be on the team, too. This conclusion comes from outer space, nowhere. There are no premises that pertain to our conclusion, except maybe that Ana and Taylor are both tall. This makes it an uncogent argument. The argument says nothing about athletic abilities, which Ana p robably has because she is on the volleyball team.This does not mean that Taylor is athletic and can play volleyball. In order for an inductive argument to be strong and cogent, it should have reasonable and true premises that are relevant to the conclusion. If one or more premises are false it is a weak and uncogent argument. Reasonable people should believe the conclusions of sound and strong arguments because a sound or strong argument is that it is clear or defined as free from ambiguity or vagueness, has good logic  and  true premises (â€Å"The Traditional Square of Opposition,†Ã‚  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).If an argument has good logic, its conclusion must be true if all the premises are true, it is obvious that the conclusion of a sound or strong argument is true. It is obvious that any human with reason should accept the conclusion of a sound or strong argument. A few more differences between inductive and deductive arguments are the wording and the ab ility to use special abilities to distinguish between a good or bad logic arguments. A deductive argument states that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true. These require necessary reason.An inductive argument states that it is improbable for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true. They include probabilistic reasoning. There are key words in argument that play a key role in determining if the argument is Inductive or Deductive. A deductive argument could include different words such as necessarily, certainly, absolutely, or definitely (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic   11/e, 2012, 33). Inductive arguments probably include words such as probably, improbable, plausible, implausible, likely, or unlikely (Hurley, 33).Deductive arguments have many different forms. These forms are usually considered a deductive argument but each can be considered on a case-by-case bases. Arguments that usually include mathematics , definitions, or syllogism are considered deductive. There are also different forms of syllogism. Categorical, hypothetical and disjunctive are three that were taught. Inductive arguments also contain different forms and those include: predictions, analogies, generalizations, authorities, signs, and casual inference. Some arguments become hard to determine which is deductive and which is inductive (Hurley, P.A Concise Introduction to Logic  11/e, 2012, 34). There is a list of steps to follow just like the order of operations in math. First, does the premise provide absolute support for the conclusion? If so this is a deductive argument. Next, if an argument has a specific deductive character or form. It is obviously deductive. The third indicator is having an inductive character or form. This would be considered an inductive argument. The fourth factor is that it could contain inductive language such as the list of words above. The next indicator is if it contains deductive langu age.The last factor is if the premise provides only probable support for the conclusion. It can truly be difficult to determine between inductive and deductive arguments if they are incomplete and not in a correct form (Hurley, 36). There are definitely differences between inductive and deductive arguments. The best way to determine if it is inductive or deductive is to follow the six rules. It is much easier to determine if the argument is in a correct form and logical. The wording of each is very important and their definitions of being cogent, strong, valid, or sound is a very good way of determining the type of argument.BIBLOGRAPHY Parsons, Terence 2012, the Traditional Square of Opposition. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/square/) Retrieved Feb. 2, 2013. Smith, Mathew 2012, Logical Argument, (http://www. actdu. org. au/archives/actein_site/logarg__. html) Retrieved Feb. 2 2013. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007, Argument. (http:/ /www. actdu. org. au/archives/actein_site/logarg__. html) Retrieved Jan. 30, 2013. Hurley, P. 2012,  A Concise Introduction to Logic 11/e. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2013.

BTEC Unit

Complete all columns In the table below. Functions/skills of management Functions/skills of leadership Differences between management and leadership Planning Identifying workloads, responsibilities, collective goals. Delegating tasks and responsibility and ensuring employees work together to meet personal and workforce goals. Planning Staffing requirements and Rota's Recruitment, selection & placement. Training & development. Performance appraisal. Supervision Leadership Communication Ensuring employees are performing their roles too high standard.Taking capillary action if and when required Ensuring legal obligations are met Setting objectives for the team and the individual Planning SMART objectives and making sure the team are aware of them and motivated to meet them. Communicating and ensuring open channels of communication. Team Building supporting team members to achieve the goal as a collective Evaluating performance and using training to support team members to build on weakn esses. Motivating members of the team through smaller goals, praise, and reinforcement. Organizing and ensuring that strengths and weaknesses of the team re accounted for.Showing commitment and enthusiasm and working within the team to support its members to reach their objective. Being a leader is a skill of a good manager however you can be a manager without being a leader. Some managers can identify workloads, delegate and supervise but they do not inspire, motivate and lead effectively. In some cases the lack of leadership can be negated by a strong and motivated team however in other cases It can cause a team to fracture and not succeed to meet their objective. Outcome 2, AC 1- written question Describe the methods of allocating work to others?Why is planning and agreement of these important? In order to allocate work to teams and individuals, you need to decide with your team how to distribute tasks and responsibilities. You need to make sure this allocation makes best use of their strengths, and provides opportunities for employees to learn and develop in their roles. You need to make it clear what is expected of team members and check their commitment to their work. By planning this with team members both as a group and individually you will promote ownership of roles and increase each members dedication to meeting their individual and group objectives.Team members can request training to develop their knowledge and aspire towards more responsibility and greater tasks. Outcome 2, AC 2 – table Complete all columns within the table below. Types of conflict Ways of managing conflict Outcomes to managing conflict in this way 1 . Interdependence Conflicts. For example key worker / case holder, both employees rely on the other to complete their tasks so they can effectively complete theirs. If one person in this relationship does not do their work the other cannot complete theirs. 2. Differences in Style.Employees may have different priorities or idea s around what s important when completing a task. They may be goal or person orientated. Neither may be wrong however lack of understanding of working styles can cause conflict. 3. Differences in Background/Gender. Conflicts can arise between people because of differences in educational backgrounds, personal experiences, ethnic heritage, gender and political preferences. 4. Differences in Leadership. Employees who change from one leader to another can become confused and irritated by the different leadership styles.They may be use to a directive leader and find it difficult to manage a more nurturing approach Having a quiet word Investigating the problem informally Using internal procedures – for example, company procedures for dealing with grievances Improving the way you communicate and consult with employees Team Meetings This can sometimes resolve a conflict without the need for escalation This may be a supervisor or manager investigating the cause of conflict and taking action without the need for official procedures.This is a more formal route and will involve the manager and any HER or union representatives. A formal outcome will be reached up to and including dismissal. The company's overall goals. Allows staff to air their grievances in a positive and constructive manner. Why is it important that you recognize causes of conflict within a team? Motivation drops: fewer people volunteer to take on new tasks and there is little employee input at staff meetings or handovers. Behavior changes: people start to make derogatory remarks towards each other and a culture of gossip, and back stabbing is created.Productivity falls: there are likely to be more queries and complaints if people are not cooperating with each other. Sickness absence increases: unhappiness may lead to depression, or avoidable sickness. Unit 1 Outcome 2, AC 3 – written question Analyses the link between leadership skills and motivation? Motivation is goal-oriented behavior, and leaders influence behavior to and therefore whether or not employees achieve goals. To promote and uphold motivation on the part of employees, leaders carefully manage individual and organizational performance to reach goals that are clearly achievable.Motivation requires employees to believe that they can accomplish the task. Individuals are less likely to work toward a goal if it has little or no probability of success. Effective leaders communicate with employees to assess levels of maturity, kill and self-esteem. They promote the training, support and coaching necessary to build confidence and develop mission-essential skills. Ineffective leaders have the opposite effect; they belittle employees and their work and don't train or nurture employees so the likely hood of them buying into and ultimately achieving the goal is significantly reduced.Outcome 3, AC 1 – written question Delegation is a way of getting a Job done by someone else. This does not mean allowing anybo dy to do your Job as you don't want to but identifying the appropriate person to complete a task effectively, allowing you to strategically manage. To ensure delegation is effective the following criteria must be met: Staff know what is wanted of them They have the authority to achieve it they know how to do it. They can make decisions and complete the task whilst meeting the aims of the company.Unit 1 Outcome 3, AC 2 – written question Describe ways of coordinating delegated work? After delegating work it is important to stay in control and coordinate the work whilst refraining from stifling staff and dictating what they do. Ask for regular feedback, weather daily weekly or monthly and be prepared to teach and guide staff as well as old them accountable for their actions and work. Good communication skills are imperative as when coordinating delegated work this may mean coordinating the work of multiple staff members across several teams.Arrange and chair meetings between al l parties and ensure that communication if fluid between individuals as well as with management. If any of your staff falls short of your expectations, by being irresponsible or not completing a task, replace that person. On the other hand, if any of them does a good Job, praise, motivate, and increase the self confidence of that person. Outcome 3, AC 3 – written question Analyses possible psychological barriers to delegation? Feeling of superiority: Managers may feel that they should be seen to have the more ‘important' or ‘managerial' tasks as this will Justify their position.Fear of exposure: Senior staff may feel that if they delegate their workload and it is easily achieved by staff members then they will be seen as unimportant or at risk of employees trying to take their Job as it is achievable. Feeling of indispensability: If their Job can be done by someone else they may become dispensable and less needed or important to the companies objectives. Unit 1 Ou tcome 4, AC 1 – written question Describe the value of setting agreed work objectives with team members?Setting objectives in consultation with the supervisor allows staff the opportunity to express the way the Job gets done, raise concerns or ideas about what is to be accomplished. ‘Sharing the load' increases the staff member's commitment and motivation to achieve the agreed objectives. Ensures that the staff member understand what the allocate their time and resources effectively. Provides a clear understanding of how the work will be measured and evaluated, enabling the staff member to assess their win performance, and make any improvements where required.Outcome 4, AC 2 – table Ways of providing support to meet work objectives with team members Benefits to each type of support Induction Training Supervision Appraisal If every new starter completes a clear and comprehensive training programmer then they will be supported to fully understand the company's aims and how their role meets these aims. They will know what is expected of them and how to fulfill each task. Training develops knowledge and also provides refreshers to employees throughout their career. It reminds them not only of what to do but how to do it.Supervision takes place regularly and gives supervisor and supervise the opportunity to reflect on the supervises work practices, identify any areas which the supervise needs additional support or training. Allows the employee to reflect and develop a personal development plan which will outline objectives for the following year. It also enables the employer to make the Outcome 5, AC 1 – written question Outline ways of developing a quality culture in the workplace? Lead by example: Employees take the lead from their manager. By showing a positive practical and problem solving approach it is likely that employees will follow this example.Training: This supports employees to understand the company's objectives, how their r ole meets these objectives and supports them to have the knowledge and ability to meet their own criteria. Involve staff: The more staff are involved and consulted the more ownership they will take of a project. This goes on to increase their drive dedication and commitment to meeting the goals of the company. Try different approaches: If something isn't working don't be afraid to change it. This promotes problem solving and creativity. Outcome 5, AC 2 – written question Describe possible barriers to promoting quality in the workplace?People not knowing hat is expected: If people do not receive proper training and induction processes they may not fully understand their role, the companies aim and therefore how to provide it. Managers focusing on a quick fix: Being under pressure to fix problems may lead to a ‘band aid' approach rather than long term solutions. This may provide immediate results but will not lead to quality and consistency. Not knowing who's responsible: Without clear accountability and responsibility projects may not be managed and staff may not fully commit for fear of being held accountable for something they are not sure if they are responsible for.

Netflix Business Model Analysis Essay

Netflix is an online subscription-based DVD rental service that promises to connect their customers to the movies and television shows they love through means of sending discs through the mail or streaming them directly via the internet. For only $7.99 per month, Netflix offers their customers unlimited access to their massive video library (>70,000 titles as of year-end 2006) and is able to deliver DVD’s by mail to over 90% of their nearly 7 million subscribers in only a single business day. There are many factors that go into how Netflix is able to generate profit with this business model. First and foremost, Netflix uses a subscription-based revenue model. This came about after adopting a more emergent business strategy to better adapt to feedback being provided by its customers. Netflix initially used a revenue model similar to that of the brick and mortar video rental stores with the thought that the convenience factor of having discs mailed directly to your home would outweigh the inconvenience of having to wait the extra time it took to ship the discs. In 1999, Netflix shifted to the, more simplified, subscription-based model which, in turn, increased the value proposition that Netflix was able to offer its customers. Another large consideration in generating profit is their partnerships with nearly all of the major movie studios that allows them to purchase DVD’s at a reduced up-front cost in return for a fee based on how often those discs are rented in a given time period. This, in conjunction with a good recommendation system that brings older titles to the forefront of customer’s minds and the Netflix subsidiary company, Red Envelope Entertainment allows Netflix to house a larger library of titles for a lower cost than its competition while satisfying the sizable niche market of individuals who are interested in renting titles that they have missed or re-renting titles they’ve already seen that most video stores could not.

Substrate

A1. Role of Enzymes in Processes Enzymes are organic catalysts that help to speed up the breakdown of a molecule, such as fructose. The enzyme helps a chemical reaction take place quickly so that the reaction happens properly. In order for that to happen the enzymes process by the lock and key model, the lock is the substrate and the enzyme is the key. The active sites are specific to a certain substrate of a molecule, so the enzymes only have one job to do. The shape of an enzyme is not changed or consumed during these reactions.However, without enzymes the reactions would take too long and would not breakdown properly. A2. Deficiency in Aldolase B In hereditary fructose intolerance there is a protein lacking that is needed to breakdown fructose. Aldolase B is the substance needed to breakdown fructose. Without the Aldolase B the body is not able to change glycogen into glucose that the body needs. When this happens an individual’s blood sugar can fall and substances will bui ld up in the liver causing more health issues.With an absence of the enzyme Aldolase B, fructose cannot be broken down causing hereditary fructose intolerance. Symptoms can be severe, â€Å"these include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and hypoglycemia following ingestion of fructose or other sugars metabolized through fructose-1-phosphate. Prolonged fructose ingestion in infants leads ultimately to hepatic and/or renal failure and death. † (Haldeman-Englert, 2011) A4. Substrate The specific substrate acted on by Aldolase B is fructose-1-phosphate (F1P).This then is converted into DHAP and glyceraldehyde. Once the conversion is finished the product can enter the glycolysis cycle to from ATP or energy used for the body. â€Å"In normal cellular conditions, the primary enzymatic activity of aldolase B is to cleave fructose diphosphate (FDP). † (Roth, 2012) A5. Role of Aldolase B Aldolase B is the substance needed to breakdown fructose. Its specific role is to speed up t he breakdown process of fructose to a more usable from in the body.Aldolase B is primary found in the liver, but can also be found in the small intestines and kidneys. B1. Interconversions of Cori Cycle If the Cori Cycle occurred and then remained in a single cell, no useful metabolic work would be complete. The reason for this is that â€Å"if the Interconversions of the Cori Cycle were to take a place within a single cell it would constitute a â€Å"futile cycle† with glucose being consumed and resynthesized at the expense of the ATP and GTP hydrolysis. (Campbell & Farrell, 2008) If this were to happen the cycle would essentially be running in opposite directions, having no affect and wasting energy. Having both the glycolysis portion and the gluconeogenesis portion going at the same time, will result in glucose being converted in to pyruvate by glycolysis and then converted back to glucose by gluconeogenesis, all this will cause a use of ATP, not making. The cycle needs t o take place in order to produce ATP, an energy source for the body especially during muscle activity. B3.Defect Preventing Conversion of ADP to ATP Having a deficiency in the Citric Acid cycle can create the entire cycle to halt essentially. Having the citric acid cycle halt can create a build-up of lactic acid, decreasing the amount of oxygen getting to the tissues. Hypothetically the Citric Acid cycle is missing the enzyme malate; â€Å"Malic acid acts as a catalyst in the Kreb’s cycle to increase energy production from the burning of pyruvic acid. Malic acid also aids in exercise recovery by counteracting the build-up of lactic acid. (Ward, 2011) Missing the malic acid can create chronic fatigue, muscular myalgia, and arthritic-like pains. Any disturbances to the cycle can produce and contribute to neurological and physical problems. B4. Role of Coenzyme Q10 The role of Coenzyme Q10 in ATP synthesis is unique. It can function in every cell of the body to make energy; no other molecule can perform this function. The enzyme is very hydrophobic, so it can move freely within the cell membrane.Its special function is that is can accept and donate electrons, which plays a big role in the electron transport chain. â€Å"It accepts electrons generated during fatty acid and glucose metabolism and then transfers them to electron acceptors. At the same time, Coenzyme Q transfers protons outside the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient across that membrane. The energy released when the protons flow back into the mitochondrial interior is used to from ATP. † (Higdon, 2003)

Organizations growth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizations growth - Research Paper Example If the firm can maintain an adequate level of cash and other resources, it can swiftly move to acquire undervalued firms to actually create an opportunity to deliver more value to the shareholders of the firm. (Damoiseau, Black, & Raggio, 2011) In order to expand globally, firms therefore have to manage whether they want to grow organically or through expansion. In either way firm has to manage certain issues which will be discussed below in order to be successful at global level. Cultural Profile Culture plays important role in the overall success of the organization at the local as well as the international level. The management of change within an organization clearly demonstrated the need for having a clear analysis of how the culture of the organization will be changed and reshaped in a manner which is more suitable for the firm. In order to successfully operate in countries like India, it is therefore important that the cultural assessment must be done. The overall cultural pro file of India would suggest that India is a developing country with established historical and cultural roots. The same has been transferred into the management style of the firms operating in the environment too. Over the period of time, India however, is making a transition towards a global corporate culture which is required for fostering of the global management culture within the organization. India is a country which is dominated by masculine culture which is based upon traditions and family businesses. The Tata Group started as a family business and is still is a family business despite the fact that it is now an international conglomerated. Indian culture therefore is focused upon family businesses where bosses and managers are considered like father figures. Communication Issues Another important role of the leader in managing change is to communicate across a shared vision for the change and the future of the firm. Providing a clear and vivid communication across the whole firm therefore makes it clear for each one of the employee and other stakeholders to basically know what their roles and responsibilities are and what the firm actually expects from them. Such an approach therefore ensures that the leaders inculcate the vision across the whole organization through effective communication across all the channels. One of the ways through which leaders manage change is to ensure the stability during the change process as change is not being viewed by every person in same manner. Like Tata Group which remained an organization where culture was not so conducive and employees worked as if they were working in a public sector organization. In such situation, the productivity was relatively low and as such complacency developed across all the companies working under the banner of Tata Group. As a leader, Ratan Tata therefore has to ensure that the painful transition of the organization takes place as quickly as possible in order to take advantage of the re lative opening of Indian economy to the international world. One of the key requirements therefore first is to initiate that change required to make the firm to advance and meet the future requirements of the market. (Ahn, Adamson, & Dornbusch, 2004). This was only achieved through effective communication because change at the global level requires effective communication of the changes. Communication within a particular cultural group can however, become

The rights revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The rights revolution - Essay Example The country has had a lot of trouble incorporating the Quebec and non-Quebec nation into the political framework. As a result of the forced incorporation of such elements as women’s rights, and aboriginal land claims into the 1982’s Charter of Rights and Freedom, Canadian culture has become extremely distinct with respect to people’s rights. Canada is a socially democratic society that places special emphasis on the group rights as reflected both in the Quebec’s Charte de la langue francaise and in the agreements of treaty which acknowledges the rights of aboriginal people upon the land and resources. Canada is one of very few countries which stipulates the terms and conditions regarding the distortion of federation in the decisions of Supreme Court as well as in the federal legislation. Such an overt expression of concerns regarding secession increases its susceptibility to happen. Nevertheless, rules have been defined clearly in order to avoid ambiguitie s and violation by mistake. Besides, clear dictation of the secession laws reduces the chances of breakout of civil war. The recent ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada regarding secession identifies two primary concepts about rights. The first idea says that conflict is frequent while the second idea realizes the purpose of the rights language in the conditions of conflict which is to promote peaceful adjudication. Canada has also influenced the world with her rights talk.

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights Essay

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights - Essay Example Finally, economics affect the governments by determining nation’s financial resources needed in the sustenance of the country’s requirements. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body which has the main responsibility for regulating trade between different countries engaged in commercial activities. For example, the WTO standardizes trading policies by finding a common ground between different domestic policies (Kroll, 1999). Recent years have proved to be challenging for trading activities, especially in what concerns the intellectual property rights. Due to differences in policies regarding the ownership and transference of intellectual rights from one person to another, these rights are a crucial issue of contention between countries engaged in trading activities at the international level (Kroll, 1999). The WTO continues to resolve disputes arising with regard to intellectual property rights by providing a standardized set of rules used in the judgment of these cases (Kroll, 1999). Free trade recognizes individual rights to own and dispose of property and is a result of capitalism, which replaced the once popular mercantilism. Capitalism allows for privatization of wealth and the subsequent reduction of restrictions on trade, namely free trade (Craig, 1994). Free trade is considered an economic provision for exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the government, especially in view of foreign trade. In this scenario, the traders utilize the principle of comparative advantage, i.e. both parties benefit from the trade interactions. Ricardo (1817) demonstrated the gains from free trade by an example between two countries, which can use comparative advantage. Matters of guiding policies dictate that free trade ought to rely on supply and demand governing the prices and availability of the goods and services. However, comparative advantage, demand, and supply do not guarantee fair trade.