Faculty Interview

Faculty Interview Kathleen Fargo University of Phoenix Role of the Health Care/Nursing Educator HSN/548 Denise York November 26, 2012 Faculty Interview Changes are occurring in the health care arena today. With changes in legislation regarding health care regulation and the mandatory health care there is an increase in the already shortage of nurses. With the shortage of nurses come the requirements for an increased need for nursing educators. Responsibilities of the nurse educator extend beyond teaching the student.Educators must shift the emphasis for the result of learning with retention of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the role of a current nursing educator presently employed in a state college in Oklahoma. C. B. is currently an Associate Professor at Seminole State College (SSC) in Oklahoma. Her first position in teaching was as a registered nurse with an associate degree in nursing at a technology school as an educator for the school of practical nursing. She obtained a bachelor’s of science in nursing, was promoted to coordinator of the program. C. B. as obtained a master’s of science in nursing and has been employed at SSC for three years. SSC offers a cooperative alliance nursing program, a bridge program for licensed practical nurses to obtain an associate degree in nursing. SSC is a two-year college working in conjunction with two technological schools in the area to provide a bridge program from the technological school’s practical nursing program to the associate degree in nursing program. Today’s colleges and universities are faced with changing issues related to education and the health science program.According to Billings and Halsted (2009), driving forces for the changes include â€Å"increasing multiculturalism of society, finite financial resources in education and health care, expanding technology and the accompanying knowledge explosion†¦ and the increasing public demand for accountab ility of educational outcomes† (p. 3). Nursing programs must increase the demand for nurses by increasing the number of graduates. Fewer educators are available to teach the increasing number of nursing students.As full-time faculty leaves the institution, colleges and universities are forced to fill the positions with adjunct faculty because of budget constraints. â€Å"Many accrediting agencies require a percentage of full-time faculty and specific targets for faculty with terminal degrees in the disciplines in which they teach† (Stenerson, Blanchard, Fassiotto, Hernandez, & Muth, 2010, p. 25). Accreditation can also depend on the faculty responsibility for the university or colleges ability to â€Å"demonstrate faculty responsibility for the curriculum and faculty perspectives in the process of shared governance† (Ibid).C. B. is assigned to the bridge program as the technology school where she was formerly employed is one of the practical nursing programs wher e she was the coordinator. She is familiar with the programs and is able to provide out of classroom support. C. B. is required to be a member of the committee where updating of the clinical classes occurs. Adjunct faculty who have been at the state college for more than a year are encouraged to participate in committees. Textbooks are decided on in the committee.If the adjunct faculty prefers not to participate in the curricula committee meetings their input is welcome regarding the text selections and curricula planning. The adjunct faculty presently employed at SSC have clinical experience and are familiar with the clinical sites for the students. Full-time faculty is encouraged to obtain a PhD although it is not required. Full-time educators are also assigned two to three adjunct faculty to mentor if the part-time faculty has been employed by the college for less than one year.The associate professor is responsible, with the program director, in evaluating the adjunct nursing ed ucators mentored. Whether full-time or an adjunct professor, each nurse educator has a responsibility to uphold the mission of the institution by mentoring, teaching critical thinking skills, being a positive role model, and practices ethical conduct. Nursing programs must be maintained to remain current. With informatics as a newer field in nursing, along with computers, and rapid changes in technology, practicing and teaching have changed.Additional fields in health care include genomics, cloning, organ transplants, and a potential for pandemics, all which must be included in the nursing curricula in addition to the already existent fundamentals of nursing (Rosenkoetter& Mistead, 2010). In Seminole, Oklahoma the main three minorities include native Americans, Latinos, and African-Americans. SSC is a multicultural college and the cultures are taken into account for the method s taught in the classes. Beliefs and customs are treated with respect nonjudgmentally.Family nursing is add ressed in the clinical classes as students are educating families and the patient on the final diagnosis. Community involvement is strongly recommended for full-time faculty and required of tenured professors. Tenured professors are required to participate in research committees. As classes are phased out tenured professors may have their position eliminated although elimination of positions has not been an issue for SCC’s nursing program. Vacant positions arise as nursing educators acquire a PhD and move to a higher university. Today’s nurse educator has a difficult job.The educator must take the responsibility of turning students into learners rather than the educator just teaching. Increased graduation rates is a must in the current nursing shortage that will extend for decades. The educator faces rapidly changing technology with the college or university’s limited budgets, larger student loads with a smaller faculty, multicultural classes, and different gene rations of students. C. B. ’s goal is to obtain her PhD eventually and transfer to a university. References Billings, D. M. , & Halsted, J. A. (2009). Teaching in Nursing: A Guide for Faculty (3rd ed. . Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders. Rosenkoetter, M. M. , Milstead, J. A. Nursing Ethics. Jan 2010, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p137-139. Retrieved from https://ehis. ebscohost. com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=2&hid=124&sid=0bd9c94c-3d04-4761-9781-b7aa77ff8179%40sessionmgr14 Stenerson, J. , Blanchard, L. , Fassiotto, M. , Hernandez, M. , & Muth, A. (2010, Summer). The role of adjuncts in the professoriate. Peer Review, 12(3), 23-26. Retrieved from https://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=ehh&AN=54710247&site=eds-livetf

Chipotle Competitive Asstment Essay

As a pioneer in fast-casual Mexican food, Chipotle has played an important role in developing this category. Currently, Chipotle’s direct competitors include Taco Bell, Qdoba Mexican Grill, Moe’s Southwest Grill, so on. Their competition also includes a variety of locally owned and franchised restaurants. Many of Chipotle’s competitors have more financial resources, greater name recognition, or are better established in the markets in which their restaurants are located. However, Chipotle has their competitive strength due to their upscale menu selections and especially higher – quality ingredients. They use a variety of fresh ingredients, as well as their commitment to â€Å"Food with Integrity†. Chipotle can utilize their relationships with local farmers to create a stronger marketing message and differentiate themselves relative to competitors by focusing on their locally farmed, free range, antibiotic and hormone free meat. (Chen b? ng) From the table of Competitive Strength Assessments of 4 restaurants, it can be seen that Chipotle Mexican Grill still has net competitive strength over Moe’s Southwest Grill (0. 4) and Qdoba Mexican Grill (0. 2). Only Taco Bell has the same overall competitive strength rating as Chipotle. Therefore, of 3 competitors, Taco Bell seems to have the strongest set of resource strengths and competitive capabilities and is most likely to achieve the best financial performance. It is recognized as of the best Mexican fast food chains in the United States of America with a specialized quick service approach. It had a total of 1,201 company-owned and 4,029 franchised restaurant locations in the United States, plus another 3 company-owned and 237 franchised international locations in 2012. Besides that, the change in the management and organizational structure trickled prosperity in Taco bell’s overall set up. However, Taco Bell, their rival, was scored the lowest in food quality and atmosphere among limited-service Mexican eateries by Nation’s Restaurant News and consultant WD Partners in September 2011. Therefore, Chipotle have a good enough strategy and adequate resource strengths and competitive capabilities to compete effectively against Taco Bell if they try their best to upscale menu selections, service atmosphere and especially keep their commitment to â€Å"Food with Integrity†

Acct 505 Midterm

Wages paid to an assembly line worker in a factory are a   2. Question : (TCO A) A cost incurred in the past that is not relevant to any current decision is classified as a(n)   3. Question : (TCO A) Depreciation of office buildings and office equipment is also known as   4. Question : (TCO A) When the activity level is expected to increase within the relevant range, what effects would be anticipated with respect to each of the following? 5. Question : (TCO F) Which of the following statements is true? I. Overhead application may be made slowly as a job is worked on. The Illinois Company manufactures a product that goes through three processing departments. Information relating to activity in the first department during June is given below. Percentage Completed Units Materials Conversion Work in process, June 1 150,000 75% 55% Work in process, Jun 30 145,000 85% 75% The department started 475,000 units into production during the month and transferred 480,000 completed units to the next department. Compute the equivalent units of production for the first department for June, assuming that the company uses the weighted-average method of accounting for units and costs. 3. Question : (TCO B) A tile manufacturer has supplied the following data:   Boxes of tile produced and sold 625,000 Sales revenue $2,975,000 Variable manufacturing expense $1,720,000 Fixed manufacturing expense $790,000 Variable selling and admin expense $152,000 Fixed selling and admin expense $133,000 Net operating income $180,000 Required: a. Calculate the companys unit contribution margin. b. Calculate the companys unit contribution ratio. c. If the company increases its unit sales volume by 5% without increasing its fixed expenses, what would the companys net operating income be? 4. Question : (TCO E) Lehne Company, which has only one product, has provided the following data concerning its most recent month of operations:   Selling price $ 125 Units in beginning inventory 600 Units oroduced 3000 Units sold 3500 Units in ending inventory 100 Variable costs per unit: Direct materials $ 15 Direct labor $ 50 Variable manufacturing overhead $ 8 Variable selling and admin $ 12 Fixed costs: Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 75,000 Fixed selling and admin $ 20,000 The company produces the same number of units every month, although the sales in units vary from month to month. The companys variable costs per unit and total fixed costs have been constant from month to month. Required: a. What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing? b. What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing? c. Prepare an income statement for the month using the variable costing method. d. Prepare an income statement for the month using the absorption costing method.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Essay Example quation for break-even point with the consideration of NPV is expressed as, 0 = -$200,000,000 + (Sum of all PV Factors) x $25,000,000 (â€Å"Definition of Net Present Value†). From this equation, Sum of all PV Factors = 200,000,000 / 25,000,000 = 8. The PV Factor for each year is calculated using formula, 1/(1+r)^n. In this formula, r = 13%, and n = number of years, such as 1,2,3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦., and so on. The sum of PV factors at r = 13% for 70 years is equal to 7.69, and NPV = -7,721,304. It can be concluded that Break-even point with NPV for Alpha project is much longer than 70 years. The sum of all PV Factors for the project Zeta is calculated, Sum of all PV Factors = 500,000,000 / 70,000,000 = 7.1428. The sum of all PV Factors for the yearly return 13% in 25 years is equal to 7.1695. It is concluded that Break-even points of Zeta project is in between 24 and 25 years. Answer to Question 7. Big Lu is using NPV criterion that is based on the discounted cash flow concept. It implies that annual income for each year will be discounted to the present value. If the Net Present Value is positive then the investment project is accepted. This is an industry accepted method; that is why Big LU investment criteria is

Journalism, Mass Media and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Journalism, Mass Media and Communication - Essay Example Public diplomacy makes use of several techniques or channels, one of them being mass media, international broadcasting, in particular. The techniques of mass media are used to directly affect the mass public, while the others especially cultural channels have an orientation towards elite audiences. Public diplomacy has got several geopolitical implementations. For instance, the EU member states are advanced in public diplomacy implementation about their strategies of foreign policy and these days the EU has got a Public Diplomacy Unit and Election Observation in the Action Service of the European External (Gilboa, 1998). Public diplomacy has got a great impact on the power-relation globally. Usually, the nation that advocates for public diplomacy tends to attract more foreigners. When more foreigners move in, the various nations gain because of the investments and taxes the nations subject them to. By the end of the day, the nations that advocate public diplomacy gain (Gilboa, 1998). The hybridity of culture involves the changing of culture as it adapts to various changes. Deterritorialization reinforces the change whereas sets of power relationships that are an unequal condition the change. Cultural industry hybridization represents the global forms and local culture interaction to produce cultural commodities that are dynamically localized. Censorship and adaptation in Malaysia, for instance, are significant hybridization ways monitored and enforced by several non-governmental and governmental bodies (Guan, 2010).

Check and Balance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Check and Balance - Assignment Example Furthermore, the contribution of his followers towards his narcissism and the effect of the same would also come under discussion. Lastly, the paper would also shed some light on what sort of organizational check and balances were missing in that situation. There are many proofs, which help us to reach the conclusion that Steve Jobs is a narcissist when it comes to leadership style, some of them are discussed below. First, Jobs appears to be one of the most overrated CEOs of the century. His attempts to capture the media, web, literature, telling schools what to teach and what not to teach and others, suggest that he is trying to catch more attention than he deserves (Maccoby, 2004). Second, jobs appeared to be satisfying one of the major criteria of narcissist leaders as they saw the bigger picture, and always moved forward with a vision in mind. Since these people focus on their own selves, they can always see the bigger picture rather than breaking things into small bits to understand them (Maccoby, 2004). Steve stands true on this criterion. Since the day one, he knew what is he was going to do with apple. He changed his title from interim CEO to iCEO indicating that he will work on iPhones and iPods (Gillam, 2008). Third, according to the official figures, Steve owns almost 6.1 billion US dollars and his name occurs in the list of top 50 wealthiest Americans, yet when it comes to corporate philanthropy, his record is one of the poorest compared to other billionaires. Furthermore, he also eliminated the corporate philanthropy division at Apple in 1997 and it has not been more restored until yet (Gallo, 2009).  

Argue the US should increase its use of natural gas Essay

Argue the US should increase its use of natural gas - Essay Example This will critically compare both the pros and cons of this form of fuel and the benefits of its use in the United States (Knittel 3). The choice of gas to use in our industries is no longer guided by the desires of an individual but the cost and availability of the said fuel. With major economies relying on fossil fuel for different functions including industrial and home use, the current reserves are being depleted at an alarming rate. Natural gas is currently one of the cheapest and safest gases around the world with the United States sitting on a huge reserve of the gas which is currently unexploited. The lack of interest on natural gas and its resultant lack of exploitation can be attributed to the negative misconceptions that have been generated towards this gas (Ratner 7). Natural gas is colorless and odorless and produce high amount of energy when combusted with no significant emissions that negatively harm the environment. It is one of the most abundant gases in the United S tates but is rarely exploited due to the countries over reliance on fossil fuel. It contains high concentration of hydrocarbons including methane, ethane and propane, which are currently generated from fossil fuel at a much higher cost on the environment and economy. As a country that is much preoccupied with fossil fuel, switching to natural gas can only be achieved through informed education approaches that provide the benefits of this source of gas as compared to the current source. This topic will be insightful in guiding the country’s energy policy makers in making a significant policy shift from fossil fuel to natural gas. A number of misconceptions also exist about natural gas as compared to fossil fuels that act to confuse the citizens as further. This topic seeks to handle these misconceptions by providing an argumentative approach on why the country must adopt natural gas as opposed to the current use of fossil fuel (Knittel 3). Natural gas is cleaner as compared to fossil fuels thus making it the current fuel preferred by utility companies in the United States. With the current emphasis on the need to reduce emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, the need for the adoption of a much cleaner gas makes natural gas the gas of choice. In addition, fossil fuels such as petroleum and gasoline, when combusted produces less energy as compared to natural gas but has higher amount of greenhouse effect as compared to natural gas. The increase in international lobbying for the adoption of safe and clean fuel supports the role of natural gas in the reduction of climate change, which occurs due to an increase in greenhouse gas emission from industries (Verrastro & Branch 5). However, natural gas has a finite nature that makes it unreliable source of energy to drive the massive industries in the United States and mitigate the impacts of global warming. Those who belong to this school of thought argue that despite the fact that natural gas is much cleaner as compared to fossil fuels, it is not as clean to enable it contribute significantly in the fight against climate change. Decreasing the prevalence of climate change cannot effectively be done using natural gas, as the opponents would want us to believe. This is farther from the truth, as the fight against climate change cannot be won through one major initiative but through well-calculated policies, which significantly

Sociological Motivations for Recruitment in Terrorist Groups Essay

Sociological Motivations for Recruitment in Terrorist Groups - Essay Example (Frontline) Hence every country has used different methods to combat and recruit terrorist groups. People, and governments in almost every sphere of life are working to reduce terrorism "security, prevention, and suppression of terrorism, legal and ethnic dilemmas regarding democratic issues, such as the individual's human rights, as well as social and psychological and media related issues" (The Counter Terrorism Puzzle: A Guide For Decision Makers). Even though with increasing steps taken to oppose terrorism many innocent people are joining terrorist groups, thus increasing terrorist activities an example of this can be the increase in suicide bombing. Therefore to diminish terrorism we need to know the reasons because of which a person joins a terrorist group. The reasons or motivations can be divided into two broad categories the psychological reasons and the sociological reasons. In psychological we will discuss the mental health leading to terrorism while in sociological we will evaluate how society, norms, crises result in leading an individual to terrorist groups. Marxists is a sociologist and according to him all violence should not be rejected. "The bourgeois politicians who make such claims, while supporting wars, nuclear weapons, armies, prisons, etc are simply hypocrites". Marxists believe that in certain situations, such as wars of national liberation and mass revolutionary struggle, violence may be unavoidable and is good for the prosperity of the society. "While terrorism, as in planting bombs on government or civilian targets, or hijacking planes, or assassinations by small groups acting independently of class struggle, has always been condemned, been unacceptable and has received negative response".According to Marxist perspective the division of classes is the root cause of terrorism. "Marx believes that the root cause of exploitation, oppression, tyranny and war was not bad individual rulers or bad governments but the division of society into classes, and the ownership and control of production by a minority class that live off th e labor of the majority. According to him killing or frightening even large numbers of individuals, could not achieve any results he thought that to overcome the ruling class we need to start the struggle of a new class which is the bearer of a new economic system". (Socialist review) Durkheims perspective on terrorism suggest that collective conscience is the only way to reduce terrorism according to him the concept of individual values is the root cause of terrorism. "Defined by mile Durkheim as the collective conscience was extensive and strong, ranging far and wide into people's lives, controlling them in detail through various religious or other traditional means of sanction. It emphasized the primacy of society over the individual and his or her dignity. However, the growth of individualism, in Durkheim's view, undermined the collective conscience. Individualism decreased the social responsibility, the concept of sanctions was also undermined giving reduced and more opportunity was given to individuals to get involved in activities that might

Roe -vs- Wade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Roe -vs- Wade - Essay Example Is it ethical to allow the taking of a life, especially in those instances where there is no pressing medical reason that mandates a termination of a pregnancy? Is abortion wrong from a moral point of view? According to the religious beliefs, especially of Catholics, life is God given and therefore a woman who chooses to terminate the life of a fetus is in effect, taking into her own hands, a decision that only God can make. Abortion is equated to murder of the fetus and the woman who engages in it held liable for the act of killing another human being. Similarly, doctors who perform abortions were also held accountable, which is part of the reason why in some states, public opinion against abortion has reduced the number of clinical outlets and medical establishments where abortion can be safely performed by qualified medical personnel (Joffe, 2003). In pointing out the importance of the Roe v Wade decision, Joffe (2003) has described how, prior to the legalization of abortion, physicians performing therapeutic abortions were placed in an untenable position because of the fierce public opposition to abortion on religious grounds. But the decision of the Supreme Court in Roe v Wade has proved to be a boon for those women who are victims of rape or illness that interferes with their ability to successfully carry a pregnancy through to term. While earlier, it was difficult for them to terminate a pregnancy due to the public opposition to abortion, the decision in Roe v Wade has made abortion legal, thereby ensuring that woman seeking abortions can now have the procedure performed by qualified medical personnel. But Roe v Wade has gone beyond merely allowing abortions to proceed when there are extenuating circumstances; it makes the decision on whether or not to have an abortion solely the woman’s prerogative. Irrespective of the woman’s reasons for choosing to have an abortion, the decision in Roe v Wade

''The Cadbury Report on Corporate Governance(Cadbury Code 1992) had Essay

''The Cadbury Report on Corporate Governance(Cadbury Code 1992) had serious and significant flaws that rendered it incomplete as a tool to control certain types of unscrupulous economic behaviour'' - Essay Example As a result the investing public began to lose confidence (Colley, 2005). Apart from the loss of valuable investments such business failures also gave rise to the loss of jobs, shattered public confidence and the decline of the savings invested in the company stock along with the fear of future corporate failures. It was after these failures that the media and the governments made a combined effort to stress on the importance of corporate governance, not just b y highlighting what had gone wrong but also brought the board of directors of the functioning corporate into the public eyes(Colley, 2005). The Industrial Revolution was followed by a wave of capitalism. In capitalism the wealth was restricted to a particular class which continued to get wealthier whereas the remaining segment was poor. This wealth was acquired by those with flourishing businesses at the expense of their workers, customers and the public shareholders. At this point the government began to take notice of the situation and took steps to introduce measures to protected those affected in a negative way by such business practices. As capitalism developed it gave more people the opportunities to set up their businesses. Those with capital begin o to their money together to set up and sun businesses. This made them the shareholders of these businesses. As these businesses grew in size, governance became a challenge (Colley, 2005). In order to understand what corporate governance truly is we must first understand what governance in general terms means. Once we know what governance is we can look into the history of cooperates and why the need for corporate governance was felt. Governance generally refers to the art or the process of governing. This is a concept which in one form or the other has existed throughout the ages across all civilizations. Governance and its processes have changed over time to meet the changing environment. History has seen

Team Achievement Essay Example for Free

Team Achievement Essay This assignment looks at the important role that can be played by teams in successful organisations and businesses. You should explore the way in which the use of teams in a selected organisation may help that business achieve its strategic aims and objectives. You then need to describe key features of an achieving workplace team within a selected organisation. Resubmission When you resubmit your assignment, you MUST ensure that you TRACK YOUR CHANGES by pressing Ctrl + Shift+ E, or go to Tools, and Track changes. WHEN YOU SUBMIT THIS WORK YOU AUTOMATICALLY CERTIFY THAT THE WORK CONTAINED IN THIS ASSIGNMENT WAS RESEARCHED AND PREPARED BY YOURSELF. Plagiarism will result in the assignment not being accepted and marked ASSIGNMENT TASKS Task 1: P1 Describe ways in which the use of teams in a selected organisation may help achieve strategic aims and objectives To complete this task you will need to explain the following: * How does a team monitor progress and performance? E.g., identifying team objectives, monitoring performance to objectives? * How does the organisational structure and functions affect and support a teams achievement? * How does the role of a supervisor and manager contribute to the achievement of a teams objectives? Task 1 Monitoring progress and performance Monitoring the progress and the performance of a team is very important. As a team may be off track and heading for the wrong direction, a team under close monitoring would make sure this is not happening, Its the supervisors responsibility to monitor and assure that the teams performance is up to the best standards. Supervisors tend on passing on that responsibility to Team leaders as they are constantly working with the team members. Team leaders monitor the progress and performance by using appraisals. This helps to identify each member of the teams progress. Another way a team is monitored is by using Gantt charts. Team leaders and supervisors can look back to a Gantt chart to make sure they are on track and not falling behind as well as making sure all the tasks are complete. Without the constant monitoring of a team, it is very unlikely that a team would be successful at achieving their objectives and can very quickly head off rails. Organizational structure and functions The way organisational are organised creates an organisational structure; the type of structure depends a lot on the individual team. Companies that tend to have flat structures are generally quite small. They operate informally, in that everyone will know everyone else and there will be few formal procedures the staff will have to follow. When companies are relatively large they need to have a more complex structure than that of a flat structure; hierarchical organisations or pyramid structures are often what flat structure grow into being. They are taller than flat structures, with the senior employees at the top, and the lowest level of employee at the bottom, it is often that there are more employees at the bottom than at the top, hence the name pyramid structure. The final type of structure is the matrix structure; they are neither flat, nor hierarchical. They are generally found in one off projects, such as building a bridge or constructing a motorway. A matrix structure allows the project managers to have direct contact and support from the main functions of the business, such as finance, production and human resources. The project teams will work on the project until completion, when the team will be disbanded and a new team will form to work on the next project. Supervisors and managers A supervisors and a team leader is a strong pillar in to the success of a team. Without them would be like playing football with no ball, it just wouldnt work. They need to be role models of good working practice and show commitment and enthusiasm towards team objectives. They contribute to the achievement of a teams objective by: * Planning: This involves managers setting objectives, targets, and planning on how to achieve them. * Monitoring: Supervisors monitor and measure the level of work being inputted by the team members in order to ensure that the team is running smoothly. * Organizing: Managers need to ensure that all their team members are equipped with necessary tools and equipment needed to carry out the tasks * Commanding or directing: It is the team leaders responsibility to command and direct their team members by communicating instructions and delegating tasks. The business being used for this section is Thomas Cook air travel service. Thomas Cook Group plc is a leading international leisure travel group, created by the merger of My Travel Group plc and Thomas Cook AG in June 2007. It is a successful enterprise with a portfolio of market leading travel brands across Europe and North America. The companies business aims and objectives are stated within its mission statement. All businesses have aims and objectives these are its purpose this tells us why the business exists and what it wants to achieve, these will change over time as some will be achieved and others will not, this is how a business develops. Aim-A goal a business wants to achieve in the future for example increase market share and to become the world leaders. Objectives-steps the business needs to achieve in order to meet its stated aims for example make a profit this will help the business to develop and expand which could lead to them increasing their overall market share then gradually becoming the world leaders. These can also be found in the businesses mission statement that describes the businesses goals in a shorter and simpler way, so other people can understand them like the public. Thomas Cook PLC Mission Statement The strategy of Thomas Cook Group plc is to continue to deliver benefits from existing cost saving and margin improvement plans already adopted by MyTravel and Thomas Cook; to grow revenues in existing and new market segments; and to deliver efficiencies from being part of a larger group. Thomas Cook has a range of air travel teams to help them operate effectively. They help provide a pleasant, safe travel service to its customers. The teams consist of small groups with a number of individuals, put together to deliver and carry out different roles. There are two types of teams: Formal teams, these are created for a specific purpose. For example a marketing team is put together to research and obtain specific information for a business e.g. competitive behaviour. They will have set goals with a specific purpose to achieve. Informal teams, these are less structured and are developed instead of made for a specific purpose. For example, a group of friends decide to do something together, so they are known as a group as they are sharing the workload etc. The teams within the Thomas Cook air travel service include the following: ground floor staff, cabin crew, pilot and other flight crew (stewards). The role of the ground floor staff is to greet passengers once they are landing at the destination; they are there to guide passengers to and from the aeroplane in a safe and orderly manor and to help where needed. In addition, they provide information such as travel, exchange rates, currency etc and other relevant information they may be required to know. They help Thomas Cook achieve its strategic aims and objectives by providing excellent customer service as they are constantly dealing with the businesses customers and their issues and problems. In addition if customers find their staff approachable and useful then they will want to use their air line service again as they had a good experience with their staff, this would also help the business gain a good and positive reputation as customers will share their experiences with family or friends etc. There is a lot of inter-dependency within this team as they all have mutual responsibilities and share a common set of principles with other. The internal teams within the air travel service such as the cabin crew and pilot have different roles to ensure a safe and pleasant journey. The cabin crews have different roles for each individual. There is a front of house and back of house cabin crew. Front of house show passengers the safety equipment and how to use them in case of an emergency, make sure passengers are strapped in securely and guide them through health and safety procedures/positions for landing and departing. However the back of house team deal with the customer orders for food and drink, throughout the journey. They all have important roles to help achieve the aims and objective of the business. For example if the back of house got the food orders wrong or the front of house team did not cater for the passengers needs, then Thomas Cook would have a lot of unhappy customers due to having a bad flight because of their staff. This may result in customers going to their competitors for a better service and gain a bad reputation etc. The cabin crews are the main employees that deal with the customers directly for hours on flights to different locations, they need to support each other and respect one another in order to have an effective team, if the members of the group get on and feel involved then this will show through the companies performance overall. Effective teams mean an effective business which will overall help achieve the businesses goals. All of the different teams within the air travel service of Thomas Cook PLC all have a lot of inter-dependence. Because even though each individual have there own responsibilities they all work together as a group to help overall achieve the best outcome. Overall all the teams play a big part in making the business successful by helping achieve the businesses strategic aims and objectives, as they provide a safe, pleasant travel service to its customers so they enjoy their stay on the Thomas Cook airplanes, so they want to use their services again. Feedback Task 1: P1 Describe ways in which the use of teams in a selected organisation may help achieve strategic aims and objectives Task 2: M1 Analyse the contribution of a high achieving team to the accomplishment of strategic aims and objectives * Discuss the characteristics of a high achieving team. * How important are these characteristics to the achievement of strategic aims and objectives? * How does the performance review cycle help with this? In each case try and relate your answers to teams that you are familiar with. Task 2 In order to develop a good team an organisation must consider personal attributes when selecting individuals. If an organisation is to exceed they must select individuals with high technical skills which meets the skills of other members. Also in order to have a high achieving ream, you must have clear objectives and the right combination of people BELBIN. Belbins identified eight major roles, and argued that teams work more effectively when they consists of members who are able to play all of these roles. High achieving teams do not result from spontaneous combustion. They are grown, nurtured and exercised. Yes it takes a lot of hard work and skill to blend the different personalities, abilities, and agendas into a cohesive unit willing to work for a common goal. Behind every great team is a strong leader. A leader whose job is not to control, but to teach, encourage, and organize when necessary. Tuckman identified four stages in developing a high performance team, which I have spoken about in detail in the first assignment; these are: Forming ? Storming ? Norming ? Performing Each one of these four stages is vital to building an effective team; the stages must also be done in the order above. If one stage is not complete, it would be impossible to continue to the next. The idea of this is just like a chain, if one link is broken or not present, the chain would fall apart. That is exactly what it is like when building a team, if any of Tuckmans four stages links would not be carried out correctly, the team would fall apart or known otherwise as an under performing team. Teams play a big part in the effective running of an organisation. As a whole an organisations workforce needs to work together in order for information to be passed across and so there is a steady stream of communication through the business. This will help spot problems before they arise and will help each department to interlink with one another. However most large organisations are broken down into different functions (departments), so each aspect of an organisation can be handled and operated more effectively. Within each department, there are teams that work together to complete tasks and assignments to help meet their overall goals, which are normally set by the team leader or department manager. These aims and objectives will be different for each department but will overall help achieve the businesses strategic aims and objectives. High achieving teams will have all the key features required to perform at a high level and will be able to motivate one another to achieve their targets, one time and to a high standard. A well-established team leader is essential for a group to move forward and progress to the next level. As this person will be responsible for leading there team in the right direction. Establishing teams help an organisations workforce to share ideas and build relationships amongst one another. It takes less pressure off individuals as teams work together by putting forward knowledge to get the best possible outcome. On the one hand, high achieving teams are very effective in reaching their goals and working together to complete tasks. They help to motivate each other so that each member feels they are part of something so they contribute even more, so the final out come is at a high level. They will be able to smoothly move through the Tuckmans forming, storming, norming and performing stages, so they are effective and efficient in how they interact and communicate with one another. However on the other hand not all the teams within every department will be well established and be highly achieving, but on balance with more work and with an effective team leader an organisation will be able to form its workforce, so they are all trained and managed so every department have high achieving teams with all the key features and attributes required to perform well. This will overall lead to every team meeting their targets, so will result in the businesses departments meeting there set goals. The greatest effect this will have on an organisation is helping to effectively meet the strategic aims and objectives of the organisation. Simply because an effective team, means an effective workforce so means an effective business overall. Without high achieving teams an organisation will not be able to work together to achieve the individual aims and objectives as their will be no communication, so no co-operation. That will show in the failure to meet strategic goals of the company. An effective workforce is the key to an effective business. Feedback Task 2: M1 Analyse the contribution of a high achieving team to the accomplishment of strategic aims and objectives Task 4: D1 Make recommendations to raise the achievement of an under-performing team * What are the characteristics of an underperforming team? * How can these weaknesses be addressed? * What approaches and strategies can be used to raise achievement? Task 4 Following the previous section, this task will evaluate dysfunctional teams and analyses all the different aspects that may effect an underperforming team and provide detailed recommendations as to how it could be improved and how they can be resolved to overall help achieve there goals. I will do this by weighing out whether it is the team that is dysfunctional or whether the other factors are genuinely amenable to help improve team activity and progress. To have effective teams they need to have good interpersonal skills in order to grow and develop successfully, also these skills and qualities help teams to bond and build relationships so they all feel part of the group and co-operate together. However, it is not always teams interpersonal skills that help complete tasks or make a team dysfunctional. Other factors such as experience in carrying out certain tasks or knowledge in that field, do determine the extent of how successful a team will be or can be. The following is an analysis of different aspects of why a team may be dysfunctional and detailed recommendations as to how this can be resolved. Analyses of why a team may be underperforming. Task-relevant Experience: This has a big impact on whether a team may be able to carry out the task or to the best of their abilities. This is simply because a team with experience will be able to make a better contribution to the team were as a team with no experience will have to learn from the beginning so will need more time to learn and adjust to what is needed in order to be successful. This leads to the theory that most people feel more comfortable with what they already know than they do learning new skills or theory, especially in a group of individuals who may be still at the forming stage of their development. The extent of the impact depends upon how well developed interpersonally the team is, to stay focused on meeting their targets. On the one hand, this affects whether the team is able to do the task if they are new to it and what it requires. For example a team of engineers are asked to carry out research on the market in which they operate in, whether they are able to do this task effectively will depend on the knowledge they have in carrying research out and what methods are available to them. Without experience, they are more likely to produce a poor out come and co-operate less effectively and fluently as individually, they may be scared of getting it wrong. On the other hand if the group is at the norming stage, then the group will feel comfortable to accept criticism if they are wrong and may motivate each other to meet the challenge of doing something new and may enjoy learning new skills and knowledge to help meet their goals. So on balance there are two ways a team may accept the task if they have no experience and may be the cause to why a team may be underperforming. However if a team has excellent inter-personal skills they could overall overcome this problem and seek new opportunities from this task. In this scenario, I recommend that a team should look for solutions and better ways of completing their task to over come the problem. However having the right resource to carry out the task is equally important to be able to produce a high standard and to overall complete the work they are given. In addition, the team may not have definitions of responsibility between members. For example they may not have a team leader to lead them and organise the group to get a tasks done and on time. This could lead to members being left out and a feeling of tension within the group, which will result in less co-operation and less team work being done. Without a team leader the group will have no one to manage the project so will not operate effectively as their will be no leader to define the objectives to help meet them in the most appropriate, simplest and logic lest order The question to consider is whether a team is capable of achieving the task or whether they are able to for example may not have the resources needed to complete the assignment or may have a team leader with poor communication and interpersonal skills. Recommendations From the above information on the different aspect that can affect a team and make it dysfunctional the following are recommendations to help raise the achievement of an underperforming team. I recommend team-building techniques are used to help improve the productivity and interaction of the team members to help the group bond and feel part of something. Successful team building has far-reaching communication skills in an organisation. Improve the way team members interact and you improve their ability to solve problems. Better problem solving means better efficiency in general. Increased efficiency tends to boost morale and productivity. It also helps to decrease stress, turnover and operating costs. In addition, all of these improvements bolster the organisations public image. Once established an effective team becomes self-perpetuating. In addition, I recommend that a point scoring system that has prospects should be used to help motivate teams to achieve their targets so they have something to work towards, as they will want to get the highest score so they can be recognised for their hard work and rewarded. This will help the teams within an organisation become more competitive and work much harder to achieve their goals. This will encourage underperforming teams to be motivated to work together to get their tasks done so they can be recognised by the business for their contribution to their success. Also to scope for personal and professional development through training and international mobility. This will mean employees can continue to learn and gain new skills through their work. This will help motivate staff to do the most amount of work they are able to do to, to the best standard they can achieve. So they have a better chance of being promoted. This will help underacheiving teams to be motivated to do the work as they can learn how to do it if they done know how. In addition to the above recommendations, my final recommendation is to overall increase employee motivation by concentrating on the environment they work in and what can be done to provide a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere so the productivity can be increase and stress levels can be decreased. Techniques such as bringing plants into the work place have proved to reduce stress and bring a more calmed environment to the workforce. It is very important for any organisation/business to improve underperforming teams as they result in increasing levels of customer complaints, high staff turnover and incomplete tasks. So overall it leader to an under performing business as they will not be meeting their strategic aims and objectives. Overall action needs to be taken at the first signs of a dysfunctional team.

Perform an experiment Essay Example for Free

Perform an experiment Essay I am going to perform an experiment on friction and the variables of friction using a wooden block, a piece of string and a Newton meter. I will test 3 variables: weight, surface area and surface texture. Each test will be repeated 5 times to get a fair range of results. Friction is the force of two objects rubbing together and slowing and/or stopping each other. The amount of friction produced depends on the appearance of its surface for example: The surface of the sandpaper has deep slopes and the surface of the paper has to move up and down those slopes to proceed, causing friction. My first test will be done to measure the affect of weight on the amount of friction between the block and the table top. The block ill be placed on the table and the Newton meter tied to it. Then the Newton meter will be pulled until the block starts to move and as soon as it does the amount of Newtons required to cause that movement will be recorded. This will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will: use the same Newton meter and the same wooden block to avoid introducing other variables; I will also use the same section of table using the same side of the block every time. I will be vigilant of how I pull the Newton meter, the moving force should be parallel to the supporting surface because pulling it up will lessen friction and pulling it down will increase friction. I predict that as the weight on the block increases so therefore does the down force, increasing the amount of friction because it becomes more difficult for the ridges to pass over each and so a block with less/smoother ridges would find its passage a lot easier. When the experiment was carried out, as I predicted, when the weight on the block increased so therefore did the Newtons required to move it from a fixed position. The test was done with 2 Newton meters over 2 days. Using the same Newton meter was impossible as it broke. My results were as follows: Weight of block = 2. 0N Weight T1(N) T2(N) T3(N) T4(N) T5(N) Average(N) Block. Block + 5N 2. 8 3. 5 4 3. 5 3. 6 3. 5 In the first experiment weight was tested and a set of results produced. In this second experiment the surface area in contact with the desk will be tested. To obtain my results I will use the following method, the block will be placed on two sheets of paper a measured distance apart with a Newton meter tied to it. The block will then be pulled and as it begins to move the amount of Newtons required to cause this will be recorded. Each test will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will; as the same Newton meter ensuring non-introduction of new variables, use the same side of the block, use the same two pieces of paper and make sure the blocks movement is parallel to the supporting surface. I predict that as the surface area of the block exposed to the desk increases so will the amount of Newtons required to move it because there will be more sharper ridges to pass over therefore requiring more Newtons. My results were as follows: Exp mm2 T(n) T2(n) T3(n) T4(n) T5(n) Avg(N). My prediction on 1 or 2 of the results was correct or partially correct but on the whole I fear my prediction was incorrect as it seems the surface area (exposed to the desk) does not greatly affect the amount of Newtons that is required to move it, any affect it does have is not continual and seemingly erratic. The friction experiment has now been done with 2 variables: weight and surface area. I have now come to the third and final, surface texture. To test the affect of surface texture on friction, I will, Place the block on the surface with a Newton meter tied to it, the meter will then be pulled and as soon as the block shows signs of movement I will record the amount of Newtons needed. Each test will be done 5 times then averaged. To make sure it is a fair test I will: unless it breaks use the same Newton meter, I will use the same block and the same side of the block every time, I will use the same substance/type of substance for instance making sure the sandpaper comes from the same sheet. I will also keep the movement of the block parallel to the supporting surface. Although smoothness is hard to measure I predict that the smoother a substance is to the touch, the less friction will be produced, because the smoother a substance is to the touch the less sharp or outstanding the ridges are, therefore the less resistance they cause. Key Substances: Silicon based carbon paper: Si Emery paper: Bs Sand paper: S Table top: TT Plastic Bag: Pb Substance T1(N) T2(N) T3(N) T4(N) T5(N) Average S As I predicted the smoother a substance feels to be, the less it causes resistance, as shown in the results. I followed my method very strictly any variation caused by my hand is small to negligible, and would not greatly affect the results. I have come to the conclusion that for a substance to reach minimal resistance it can achieve this being light weight, smoothly textured and have minimal contacting surface area with the opposing surface. If a substance is required to have maximum resistance it would be the opposite. I feel the experiment was performed rather well but there is room for improvement, to have maybe got fairer more accurate results I could have maybe repeated the experiment once or twice on all of them, then I would have more data to analyse giving me a better chance at accuracy. In all the three experiments instead of using the human hand to pull the Newton meter use a machine which would be less prone to inconsistency and use a table top free of blemishes. In the second experiment the block could have been placed on previously constructed platforms each measured to have 4 sides the same and those sides to be the measurements used meaning the non need of paper and a lot more accurate readings.

Religion in Crime and Punishment

Religion in Crime and Punishment Dostoevsky was a very religious an after he got out of jail. Because of this, when he wrote Crime and Punishment he incorporated teachings and symbolism from his own religion to help the characters progress. There are several instances where the use of symbolism along with water portrays rebirth and regeneration. There are also instances where water represents death, whether it is because of murder or suicide. Another symbol used in the novel is the cross. As if the cross did not represent enough already in Christianity, Dostoevsky uses it to represent the ordinary, along with its classic representation of suffering. Finally, Dostoevsky incorporated the stories of Lazarus and Jesus. These are meant to represent the characters spiritual awakening and spiritual death. The outstanding strands of symbolic imagery in the novel are those of water, and stories of Lazarus and Jesus (Gibian 2). Dostoevskys personal beliefs are portrayed through the use of symbolism within Crime and Punishment including the use of religious symbols such as water and the cross, and through biblical stories such as that of Lazarus, which help the characters evolve. The use of water is a recurring theme within Crime and Punishment. To the protagonist of the book, water is a symbol of rebirth and regeneration, always there when something positive occurs (Gibian 2). This is saying that whether it be when Rodya (Raskalinkov) is turning himself in, or when he returns to his faith, water is always present. Inside of Raskalinkovs inner fight, there is still receptivity to water as beauty (Gibian 2). This is saying that no matter how difficult life can get, Rodya always sees the beauty in water which has a calming effect on him. For him, water is soothing and a source of life, such as with the flowers along the bank of a river. He understood the beauty of the river, and therefore that of the water (Gibian 2). Even though he sees this beauty, the rest of his life is so confusing he contemplates suicide within the river. HE then realizes that the river is life, not death. The river which Raskalinkov sees is no longer a means for committing suicide, nor a sight inducing melancholy; it is the river of life (Gibian 4).This is a major step because he realizes he needs to fall onto the road of redemption, which ironically begins by the river as well, along with Sonia (A woman Rodya meets who helps him on his road to redemption.) Rodyas regeneration begins with Sonia at his side at the bank of the river (Gibian 6). During his regeneration, he realizes that even though he has seen the beauty of the river, it was not as it was; he used to see it with more concentration. It occurs to Rodya that he has not fully enjoyed the beauty of the river because his thoughts have banished him (Gibian 6). His reaction to water has changed since becoming a student with his new views (Gibian 4). The religious symbol of water represents rebirth and regeneration to many characters such as Raskalinkov. Even though water can be seen as rebirth and regeneration, it can also be a representation of death, whether it is murder or suicide. For the protagonists, water has a generally positive effect, but this is not the case when dealing with the antagonists. Water has a negative influence on the antagonists, always there when bad events occur (Gibian 2). Whenever anything negative happens to an antagonist, water is involved. One example of this is the situation with Svidrigalov, who, to Raskalinkov, is threatening. Instead of being a positive influence, water is negative for Svidrigalov because it is in the rain that he decides to take his life and shoot himself (Gibian 2). Before this, he also confirms his repulsion of water. Water holds the terror of death for the corrupt Svidrigalov who confirms his depravity by saying Never could I stand water, not even in a landscape painting. (Gibian 2). This shows that water holds a position above Svidrigalov, as a higher power causing harm to him . Unlike the protagonists, the antagonists have a negative reaction with water leading to death. Dostoevsky used another symbol from his religion, the cross, to help develop the characters. The main representation of the cross is suffering. Raskalinkov wears the cypress cross that Sonia gives to him, because now he is ready to suffer for his murdering of the pawnbroker. Sonya gives Raskalinkov the cross as if saying You are no forgiven. Go suffer. (Knopps 1). Sonia convinces Raskalinkov to wear the cross as he confesses which shows he is ready to suffer (Gibian 3). The other reason Dostoevsky used the cross was to show that Raskalinkov and his victim were ordinary people. The cross that Sonya gives to Rodya once belonged to his innocent victim, Lizavita. The cross was also made of an ordinary wood, cypress. Rodya wears the cross of his innocent victim, which is made of an ordinary wood cypress. This represents how his victim was random and innocent (Salvation 2). His victim was ordinary who happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time, just like the ordinary cypress. The other connection that can be made is between the ordinary cypress and Raskalinkov being ordinary. After he killed the pawnbroker and her sister, Raskalinkov believes he is a higher power, above the law. This is why he has trouble with religion; he believes he is a god. However, when he takes the cross, this changes. When he takes the cross, he admits he is an ordinary man, now part of society (Salvation 5). This is cutting Rodya down to the level of everyone else. Now he is not above the law and must turn himself in. It also means that he can have faith again and believe in God and Jesus, coming back to religion. Since Dostoevsky was religious, it is not a surprise that he incorporated stories from the bible into his novel. The author uses parallels to the stories of Jesus and Lazarus from the main characters in his novel. The first comparison is to show how Raskalinkov is spiritually dead, but with hope of being awakened. The reading of the story of Lazarus is important because Rodya has experienced a sort of spiritual death (Hutt 1). Before the story of Lazarus, a man whom Jesus raised from the dead after four days, was read to him, Rodya had abandoned faith and was spiritually dead. He asks Sonya to read him the story because he is spiritually dead and needs hope (Salvation 2). Even though Sonya is trying, Raskalinkov doesnt understand and is still not figuring out the connections between him and Lazarus. Even though there is seems to be no chance of it working, Rodyas soul can be raised. The other comparison to Jesus and Lazarus is to show how Raskalinkov can be spiritually awoken. Raskalinkov feels like Lazarus in that one day he may have a resurrection that would end his spiritual depravity (Hutt 1). Rodya asks Sonya to read him the story of Lazarus to give him hope that he can gain faith. Dostoevsky has Raskalinkov ask Sonya to read him the story of Lazarus because it is the best example of a human being resurrected to a new life (Gibian 3). This is because there was a need for Rodya to overcome his feelings of being somewhat God-like. Not only does Raskalinkov identify with Lazarus, but also with Jesus. Rodya is raised from his spiritual death just as Jesus ad, while there were many who did not believe it was possible. Also, as Raskalinkov is going through his regeneration, he keeps a bible under his pillow to symbolize Jesus resurrection (Gibian 5). Raskalinkov can identify with Lazarus and Jesus because of their resurrections back to life. Dostoevsky uses his religion to influence his novel and help develop the characters. The author, a deeply religious man, uses allusions to stories of his faith heavily in order to show how religion can bring about redemption (Hutt 1). There are several instances in which Dostoevsky uses his own religion to influence the characters. One of the main symbols is water. Water is used to help the regeneration and rebirth of the protagonists, helping them realize the beauty of life. On the other side, water is used to show death for the antagonists. The Christian symbol of the cross is used in a traditional sense of suffering and a new view, as ordinary. There is also evidence of stories such as Lazarus helping the characters progress. Dostoevsky used his own religion to impact the characters within his novel.

The Childs Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit :: Superman Paula Brown Literature Essays

The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit Narrator aged about ten (5th grade). American. Father seems to be dead (Otto). Uncle Frank a father figure -talks to her in a friendly, understanding way. Family seem comfortably off (linen table cloth, silver). Home a warm, friendly, secure place - goes to it to escape the other children. But war is beginning, so an unsettling time for a child, particularly one whose father is dead and whose uncle (whom she admires and likes - identifies him with Superman) is being drafted into the forces. Mother keeps quite a close eye on her - checks on what the film is that the children are going to see (Snow White) before allowing girl to go. Child imaginative and sensitive - plays imaginative games, vomits after seeing film about Japanese at war and has nightmares afterwards. Seems something of a loner - does not join in games played by big groups at school - instead plays with one 'bookish' boy and another who is an outsider. Invited to Paula's party only because 'it was for all the children in the block'. Paula invites her to play tag only because 'we need someone else' Paula picks on her quite unfairly because she wants someone to blame for her spoilt snowsuit. The other children join in, so girl feels isolated. Feels safe at home but when Mr. Sterling comes to tell about the damage, her mother says, 'Why didn't you tell me that you pushed Paula in the mud?' The girl is not asked what happened first, so feels that her mother is believing the lie without hearing her side of the story. Uncle Frank comes to her room in a friendly, understanding way, but by then the girl is feeling miserable and is unable to say what happened in a natural way. When Uncle Frank says they will pay for a new suit anyway, she probably feels that even he does not believe her. This episode, plus the war and probably her father's death, changed the girl's life for ever - she grew up and the world seemed a gloomier place (final paragraph). Kiss Miss Carol =============== Joli is completely different to the girl in the first story. Although he was born in England, his family are immigrants from Bangladesh. His father does not really fit in - he speaks Bengali to the boy, wears traditional clothing (unlike the children even of some other immigrant families). He has his own religion and village life at home is still so important to him that he sends his elder son home to sort out a dispute. The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit :: Superman Paula Brown Literature Essays The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit Narrator aged about ten (5th grade). American. Father seems to be dead (Otto). Uncle Frank a father figure -talks to her in a friendly, understanding way. Family seem comfortably off (linen table cloth, silver). Home a warm, friendly, secure place - goes to it to escape the other children. But war is beginning, so an unsettling time for a child, particularly one whose father is dead and whose uncle (whom she admires and likes - identifies him with Superman) is being drafted into the forces. Mother keeps quite a close eye on her - checks on what the film is that the children are going to see (Snow White) before allowing girl to go. Child imaginative and sensitive - plays imaginative games, vomits after seeing film about Japanese at war and has nightmares afterwards. Seems something of a loner - does not join in games played by big groups at school - instead plays with one 'bookish' boy and another who is an outsider. Invited to Paula's party only because 'it was for all the children in the block'. Paula invites her to play tag only because 'we need someone else' Paula picks on her quite unfairly because she wants someone to blame for her spoilt snowsuit. The other children join in, so girl feels isolated. Feels safe at home but when Mr. Sterling comes to tell about the damage, her mother says, 'Why didn't you tell me that you pushed Paula in the mud?' The girl is not asked what happened first, so feels that her mother is believing the lie without hearing her side of the story. Uncle Frank comes to her room in a friendly, understanding way, but by then the girl is feeling miserable and is unable to say what happened in a natural way. When Uncle Frank says they will pay for a new suit anyway, she probably feels that even he does not believe her. This episode, plus the war and probably her father's death, changed the girl's life for ever - she grew up and the world seemed a gloomier place (final paragraph). Kiss Miss Carol =============== Joli is completely different to the girl in the first story. Although he was born in England, his family are immigrants from Bangladesh. His father does not really fit in - he speaks Bengali to the boy, wears traditional clothing (unlike the children even of some other immigrant families). He has his own religion and village life at home is still so important to him that he sends his elder son home to sort out a dispute.

Dunciad: Mock epic and parallels to Rape of the Lock (another satire) E

The Dunciad: A Mock Epic? Honors English   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fourth book of the Dunciad describes the fall and slow death of the English society that once taught him all the things he knew. He lashes out at his critics, accusers, and nay Sayers in his allegorical poem. It symbolizes a mock epic because of the elaborate use of words, calling on inspiration from a higher force, and using his work not so much to tell a story, but to point out the faults of a social order that can’t or chooses not to see what they’re really doing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It opens with: â€Å"Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light Indulge, dread Chaos, and eternal Night!† [Line 1, A.P.] â€Å"Suspend a while your force inertly strong, Then take at once the Poet, and the song.† [Line 7, A.P.] In tradition of the epic, Alexander calls for the aide of an outside power. He doesn’t follow the rules completely, and replaces the muse with Chaos and Night, but does this only to enforce what he’s trying to do with his point and gives you a picture of where he’s going next. In epics, there’s always a battle or a scene that is brazenly described, adding drama, making it a little more important and draws the reader in. When Alexander Pope describes the room as the educators stand before the Goddess, and the scene where Dullness triumphs over everything that breathes life into human creativity, he makes it a point to describe each scene as a play-by-play battle in itself. An advocate of the empr...

Prosperity and Violence in Developed vs Underdeveloped Countries Essay

Prosperity and Violence in Developed vs Underdeveloped Countries The best examples of the trade off between prosperity and violence are attributed in Bates to the early developers, whose' success story stands in contrast to the prospect of the late developers who's situation is fundamentally related to their historical relationship with the developed nations. In order to come to an understanding of the trade off between prosperity and violence it is therefore necessary to establish the terms of distinction between developed and underdeveloped countries. This paper will therefore establish the cause of the trade off between prosperity and violence in order to highlight its impediments. In doing so this paper will argue that the history of early developers is characterised in Bates by the interplay between prosperity and violence and their respective roles in inspiring the great transformation. It will be argued that the trade off between prosperity and violence passes through distinct stages which has implications for the prospects of late developers. From agrarian beginnings in which a fragile peace was established via the threat of privately wielded violence to the feudal period which sees monarchs engage in wars, the trade off between prosperity and violence is the outcome or solution of the exigencies of the time. There is then a stark contrast between the histories of the developed nations and the modern histories of the late developers. Following Bates, it will be argued that the trade off between prosperity and violence has not yet effectively taken place within the developing world. The impact of global economic forces coupled with the impact of the cold war has negatively impacted the late deve... .... However, there is no doubt that the late developer?s ability to undergo the ?great transformation? has been perverted by the post war political and economic environment. Insofar as the course of the late developers direction has diverted from the norm established by the early developers, the trade-off between prosperity and violence has not been accomplished. References Bates, R, (2000), "Prosperity and Violence: the political economy of development", W. W. Norton and company, New York and London] Todaro, M, (1997), ?Economic development?, Sixth Edition, London Longman Valenzuela, J.S and Valenzuela, A., (1978) "Modernisation and Dependency: alternative perspectives in the study of Latin American Underdevelopment", Comparative Politics 10 Kothari, U and Minogue, M, (2002), "Development theory and practice: critical perspectives", Palgrave Prosperity and Violence in Developed vs Underdeveloped Countries Essay Prosperity and Violence in Developed vs Underdeveloped Countries The best examples of the trade off between prosperity and violence are attributed in Bates to the early developers, whose' success story stands in contrast to the prospect of the late developers who's situation is fundamentally related to their historical relationship with the developed nations. In order to come to an understanding of the trade off between prosperity and violence it is therefore necessary to establish the terms of distinction between developed and underdeveloped countries. This paper will therefore establish the cause of the trade off between prosperity and violence in order to highlight its impediments. In doing so this paper will argue that the history of early developers is characterised in Bates by the interplay between prosperity and violence and their respective roles in inspiring the great transformation. It will be argued that the trade off between prosperity and violence passes through distinct stages which has implications for the prospects of late developers. From agrarian beginnings in which a fragile peace was established via the threat of privately wielded violence to the feudal period which sees monarchs engage in wars, the trade off between prosperity and violence is the outcome or solution of the exigencies of the time. There is then a stark contrast between the histories of the developed nations and the modern histories of the late developers. Following Bates, it will be argued that the trade off between prosperity and violence has not yet effectively taken place within the developing world. The impact of global economic forces coupled with the impact of the cold war has negatively impacted the late deve... .... However, there is no doubt that the late developer?s ability to undergo the ?great transformation? has been perverted by the post war political and economic environment. Insofar as the course of the late developers direction has diverted from the norm established by the early developers, the trade-off between prosperity and violence has not been accomplished. References Bates, R, (2000), "Prosperity and Violence: the political economy of development", W. W. Norton and company, New York and London] Todaro, M, (1997), ?Economic development?, Sixth Edition, London Longman Valenzuela, J.S and Valenzuela, A., (1978) "Modernisation and Dependency: alternative perspectives in the study of Latin American Underdevelopment", Comparative Politics 10 Kothari, U and Minogue, M, (2002), "Development theory and practice: critical perspectives", Palgrave

Environmental Issues of Pakistan

Serious risks of irreversible damages are present due to air and water pollution, mismanagement of solid waste and destruction of fragile ecosystems. With an estimated 37 percent of its population living in cities, Pakistan is the highly urbanized country in South Asia. Its cities continue to grow, offering employment opportunities, but rapid urbanization has been accompanied by environmental problems such as pollution, waste management, congestion and the destruction of fragile ecosystems.Urban air pollution remains one of the most significant environmental problems, facing the cities. We can look into every environment problem one by one and understand that how is it affecting the country and think of the ways in order to reduce the threats it causes to our society. Air Pollution Air is the most essential need of humans but really unfortunately air is more polluted than others all today in the country. Smokes coming out from factories, industries, homes and vehicles are causing of air pollution.I would say that one of the most alarming situation for Pakistan that with the passage of time manufacturing industries are increasing even in residential areas. The smokes of anufacturer industries are causing of air pollution because of its dangerous gases. These deadly gases are so much dangerous for human health. Chemical reactions can also be harmful for humans and as well as for nature such as when sulfuric acid mix with water that help to make clouds and when rain's drops fall down it effect humans, trees animals etc.Rapidly growing energy demand, fuel substitution such as high emitting coal and oil, and high-energy intensity are the key factors contributing to air pollution. Some factors contributing to high-energy intensity are transmission nd distribution losses in power generation, fuel prices subsidies on diesel and ageing vehicles, which are primarily diesel powered. Pakistan was ranked as 3rd most air polluted country in 2012. The annual mean PMIO 198 ug per cubic meter. Pakistan Clean Air Network (PCAN) was established in 2005 and is hosted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IIJCN).Under an agreement with ADB in 2005, IUCN, a non-city member of Clean Air Asia, helped establish PCAN and serves as its secretariat. PCAN aims to address air quality issues in Pakistan and promote etter air quality management (AQM) practices in urban centers. The approach includes awareness raising, capacity building and provision of a broad knowledge base for AQM. Among the key achievements of the network is the establishment of Clean Air Coordination Committees for Karachi and Peshawar as well as initiating efforts to establish a policy roadmap for upgrading fuel quality for motor vehicles.As a single person we can play an important role in decreasing air pollution in the country. When possible, walk, bike, carpool or use mass transit. Avoid driving on high ozone days and during peak traffic . Don't fill your gas tank on high ozone days, and try to refuel after dark. Also, dont overfill or â€Å"top-off' your gas tank, as fumes can escape. Make your voice heard concerning mass transit and highway development. Get involved in local transportation planning boards or agencies to steer land use toward smart growth choices.Conserve energy to reduce the demand for power plants to produce more electricity by insulating your walls and ceilings, choosing energy-efficient home appliances, and using energy-efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs. Run your washer, drier or dishwasher only when full . Jse a fan and open windows instead of air conditioning in warm weather. Plant trees near your home to provide cooling shade . Avoid using gas-powered lawn mowers or other gardening equipment, especially on high ozone days. Instead, use electric mowers.Many utilities offer â€Å"green† energy options for their customers. As an electricity consumer, research and choose â€Å"green† energy options for your home. Water Pollution Water is essential for the survival of all living things. Without water, humans would die in a few days, crops would not grow and food would run short. In Pakistan, due to he increase in population, per-capital water resources estimated at the time of Partition at 5000m3/year are expected to fall below 1000m3/year in the near future. Pakistan will shortly become a water- stressed country.It is crucial, therefore, to water itself. The health and economic effects of polluted water are well-documented. It leads to illness, ailment and even death. Mortality and morbidity impose costs on individuals and families which, above the direct costs of treatment and medicine, may include loss of earning and impaired productivity. The Supreme Court of Pakistan has declared, not only that the fundamental right to life includes a clean and healthy environment, but that access to unpolluted water is the right of every person wherever he lives.The Pakistan Council of Research in Wate r Resources, which launched its National Water Quality Monitoring Program in 2001, documents the water quality situation throughout Pakistan and submitted its fifth and final Report in 2007. The report examines the water quality of 357 samples taken from 23 major cities, eight rivers, six dams, four lakes, two canals and one reservoir to analyse ontaminants against an array of quality standards. Every major city reported unsafe drinking water. None of the water sources tested in Bahawalpur, Kasur, Multan, Lahore, Sheikhupura and Ziarat was safe for drinking purposes.All of the 22 surface water bodies evaluated in the report were found to be contaminated with coli forms and E. Coli; 73 per cent had a high level of turbidity, three had high concentrations of irons and 27 per cent showed excessive concentrations of iron and fluoride. Approximately, 60 per cent of Pakistanis get their drinking water from hand or motor umps (in rural areas, this figure is over 70 per cent). It is estimat ed that as many as 40 million Pakistanis depend on the supply of irrigation water for their domestic use.

Abortion Restrictions And Abortion Rates: Has State Abortion Policy Been Successful? Essay

Termination of a pregnancy onwards its due date, by use of health check exam methods is referred to as stillbirth. The aim of abortion is to go along the bodge from being born. There ar various reasons that faculty trigger a whatsoeverbody to enkindle a pregnancy. First, the health of the mother whitethorn be at risk of exposure as a termination of the pregnancy. Secondly, the mother whitethorn non be in a position to distribute c ar of the unborn tike due to various reasons much(prenominal) as economical situation, security or other psyche reasons. Over the years, abortion has been tagged vile and immoral especially by contemporary religions. Abortion is not wrong provided the person doing it has comme il faut reasons to warrant that course of action.First, the expelling of women from g terminateer bondage allows them to enjoy self-directed capability to leave decisions concerning their lives. In the olden male dominated era, women were not allowed to make vital decisions such as end pregnancies. However, women should right off be allowed to work divulge abortion be evidence they stimulate the reproductive pull strings over their wombs (Berlatsky 45). A woman has a cover to mould her have got prox and decide whether it is in force(p) to have children or not. Further much, women poop promptly contribute to the economic, political and social look of a nation, make them also undecided of controlling their own choices reproductive wise. The notion of determining the impression of a womans urgency in regard to either having a baby or not, is mandatory to sexual activity discrimination (Berlatsky 30). Women now have the proper to choose the course of their lives and consequently, have the right to choose whether to have children or not.Secondly, abortions resist fatalities that could perish in lawsuit of fork with the pregnancy, illness of the mother or infants with discernible abnormalities. Technology now gouge find out the health of the baby before he or she is born. In addition, some women may develop complications that may risk the life history of either the mother or the child during the pregnancy period, or at birth. Since these problems argon determined early, abortions can be the safest origin to avoid either risking the lives of the child and mother, or delivering a baby with visible abnormalities. jibe to Pritchard, some dis parades are fatal enough to end the life of the baby unawares after birth (43). Once determined, it is imperious to end the pregnancy in order to avoid further suffering of both the child and the mother. Also, ending the pregnancy of such a child helps the family to save of medical expenses and avoid emotions trauma that could have touch them if the child would have been born. Some of the disorders that can be determined early are Down syndrome and anencephaly.Third, modern abortion techniques and equipment sustain complications and deaths that may oc cur during wrong abortions. Oakley storied that disallowing abortion from taking place does not actually work (473). Illegalizing abortion encourages illegal and unsafe abortion practices that may cause unimaginable damage both physically and emotionally. According to Pritchard (43), desperate women induce abortions remotely with step to the fore the help of professional practitioners. According to the learn by Oakley, illegal abortions cause more than 70000 deaths globally annually. In another study, Oakley open up out that use of modern equipment to carry out abortions reduces the risk of mortality (475). In addition, he found out that women are more at risk duration giving birth than while carrying out an abortion. Moreover, Berlatsky (49) checkd that pregnant related complications are higher during child birth than they are during abortion. In this, it is evident that abortion deaths occur only when the people in query do not perform the office using modern equipments. So, allowing abortion to be practiced legally will enable women to avoid side effects of abortion related complications such as cancer, psychic health issues and infertility.In conclusion, it is imperative to note that there are various reasons that might trigger a person to terminate a pregnancy. A person can terminate their pregnancy due to individualised reasons, or the health of the mother may be at risk as a result of the pregnancy. First, women should now be allowed to carry out abortion because they possess the reproductive control over their wombs. A woman has a right to determine her own future and decide whether it is safe to have children or not. Moreover, women can now contribute to the economic, political and social life of a nation, making them also capable of controlling their own choices. Secondly, technology now can determine the health of the baby before he or she is born. Additionally, some women may develop complications that may risk the life of either the mot her or the child during the pregnancy period, or at birth. However, abortions prevent fatalities that could occur in case of complication with the pregnancy, illness of the mother or infants with noticeable abnormalities. Finally, modern abortion techniques and equipment prevent complications and deaths that may occur during illegal abortions.ReferencesBerlatsky, Noah. Abortion. Detroit, MI Greenhaven Press, 2011.Oakley, Maureen Rand. Abortion Restrictions And Abortion Rates Has pass on Abortion Policy Been Successful? regime & Policy 472-87.Pritchard, A., and S. K. Parsons. The Effects of tell apart Abortion Policies on press outs Abortion Rates. State and Local Government Review 43-52. reference work document

The “Boundaryless” Career

The Boundaryless move serves as the status quo for twenty-first century race books. (D all,Francoise 2011) Based on the instruction of information and technology, researchers see the requirement to develop a more useful utilisation model for the reinvigorated organization era.Contrasting with the previous charge concept, at once workers are more independent and more trus tworthy for their accept future. Although the definitions of the Boundaryless concept seek to explain novel vocation concepts, just ab proscribed researchers do criticize the system as being difficult to operationalize (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010) due to its ambiguity, and eightfold definitions. (Inkson,Kerr 2012)In this paper I will critically take apart the theory of Boundaryless course and some of its criticisms, and at the alike time attempt to cross reference the see along with my ingest race development plans. like a s calefacient labor market changed greatly and occupational groups are ch ange state more complex and un certain(a). (Walton, P.304)The strengthening economics, forces organization to engender more flexible with employment policy dapple the definition of vocation slowly changes to a long learning process (Arnold, John1997), and the concept of the traditional transmission line or job security are becoming obsolete. (Arthur&Rosseau,1994 Sommerland,Julie2007) Career can be understood otherwise by mickle from different back ground, assimilation or country.For those differences, still most case-by-cases share a similar drive for a career. At any point in life we associate with career, recitation my education aim to master in trading management studies is part my career. For an established definition, career is a sequence of work experiences over time-unfold (Arthur, Rousseau P.3).The nonion of career offers a vantage point from which to watch the phylogenesis of descent mingled with organization structure and strategy, as well as the relationsh ip between individual and his/her port. (Inkson,Kerr 2012) Career can also be expound in two different ways.The personal career or the psychological dimension and the object career or also can be understand as the physical dimension of career. (Arthur,MB 2005) Since I started my career my focus is to work in an environment that I am comfort competent to learn and continually desire for clean challenges.In the 21st century unsanded career theory, these two aspects act as an important agent for workers decision ab emerge their own career. (Briscoe,Jon P. 2006) Most my transition between companies I dowere made to get closer to my career object lens and in the same time being able keep my life style as frequently as possible, which really help me to balance out my physical and psychological demand for my career path.The new career literature has become a hot topic for researchers, and two concepts particularly grab the attention. The two advanced career concepts are Boundar yless career and variable career. Protean theory focus on achieving subjective success through self-directed vocational behavior while Boundaryless focuses on crossing both objective and subjective dimension of career at twofold levels of analysis including organizational position, mobility, flexibility, the work environment. (Sullivan,Sherry E. 2006, Briscoe,Jon P. 2006) As the require backdrop, Boundaryless career became an uncontroversial description of the way things are. (Arnold,John 2011)In 2011, Boundaryless career is one of the leading new career theories, in terms of published scholarly articles. (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010) Although, according to some recent research and criticism, scholars emphasized physical mobility crosswise organizational boundaries at the cost of neglecting psychological mobility and its relationship to physical relationship. (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010) That is simply because Physical mobility is easier to measure than psychological mobility.Howev er, despite the assumption of increasing mobility crossways organizations boundaries have rarely been analyzed in the career literature (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010). Contrary to much of the rhetoric mobility between employers has not been increasing during the 1990s and 2000s. (Arnold,John 2011)Evidence from several countries suggests that most mass still have long term employment setting and significant increase in mobility across organization boundaries (Inkson,2012) also in patterns of career mobility in the U.S.A and that key workers can still count on organizations for their career (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010)The evidence also suggest that the pillow slip of career mobility commonly associated with Boundaryless has been present in the U.S.A and other countries in period considered to be dominated by hierarchical careers with organization. (Rodrigues,Ricardo A. 2010) From evidences and my own experience, I am certain that modern day worker still do seek for a secure job and a t raditional like culture for the future.Other criticisms found on Arthur and Rousseaus Boundarylesscareer as being involved (Arnold,John 2011, Rodrigues 2010) as well as inaccurate labeling, prosperous definition, over emphasis on personal agency, standardisation of Boundaryless career and poor empirical support for the plead dominance of Boundarlyless career. (Inkson,Kerr 2012)My experience during the economic recession, many people including myself needed to be mobile and act for own interest to get the best opportunity out in the competitive market. Then again in normal economic situation it seems to underestimates the degree of perceptual constancy and the desire for stability in industry and employment.In windup as the new social contract between employers and employees seems to be propelled by the globalization process and by rapidly improving information technology (Sullivan,Sherry E. 2006). seek and theory on Boundaryless career has been responsive to changes in the ec onomic and organizational context of the past 25 years (Inkson,Kerr 2012)The author argues for the need for a new career concept to grab the suitable policies for the modern workers who are changing in technologies and security unhealthiness caused by the dynamic change. (Arthur&Rousseau P.4) Criticism suggest that the Boundaryless career offers confusion and ambiguity regarding whether the concepts provide description of how career are these days, especially concerning which particular boundaries are crossed.

Laboratory Management- General Functions of a Laboratory Manager

aesculapian science testing g dishonouroratory steering (MLB 2120) BTECH biomedical engineering grant 2 evaluate centering STYLES applic open TO THE science research testing groundoratory catch 19 manifest 2013 JJ. ROSSOUW S210034297 con disco biscuitt pageboy gateway3 What is evaluate from a coach-and-four? 3-4 What companionship and clevernesss do they expect? 4 What grooming and qualifications do they traverse? 4 louver underlying functions of a managing director5 sections stimulate locomote throughed by charabancs5-7 Skills unavoid adapted by a double-decker8 end point 9 References10 Introduction In this denomination the prevalent functions of a science research lab theatre director is organism discussed.The research laboratory(lab) bus is conundrumatic in organizing on the whole aspects of the laboratory environment. They do public let up flow to guarantee that the rung pertains to passe-partout client utility. They do the grasp of equipment such(prenominal) as the eccentric control, pricing, purchasing and the day-to-day cognitive process of the lab. The lab fill outr moldiness acquire minute guest function expertnesss in regulate to arbitrate with photographers and designers. They crucial forwardness up nurse in dialogue bring and give way systems and strategies to deal with fast-moving and whatevertimes capricious bailiwickload. file thisrespiratory perpetrate at lawThey atomic number 18 similarly inevitable to bear up with the current breeding in engine room and dish up mend productivity, positiveness and client rejoicing (http//www. ceartive acquirement roach. org). What is evaluate from a research laboratory coach? * A lab double-decker essential educate and manage the treat flow in the laboratory. * They moldiness conjugationize activities passim the laboratory. * It is evaluate that they de studyd apartise add amongst the assorted technicians and applied scientists. * They moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) proctor outputs and keep bring pop of charmflow and the rule of supplies. * They essential(prenominal) supervise the club and pitch shot of spic-and-span laboratory supplies. They moldiness visitation and rank equipment to get wind optimal results, manage inter private chemistry in equipment. * A lab film director moldinessiness per condition timberland tests and moderate the fellowship meets its lineament arrogance standards. * They moldiness wangle customer military service to maximise sales. * They moldiness throw out the act overlord cultivation of provide and wangle the reading of trainees. * A lab carriage must thence energise essay assessments for the laboratory and consider that the confederations easilyness & rubber polity is observed. * The lab bus whitethorn overly be voluminous in the festering of juvenile products and service to advertize the maturement of the business. It is likewise requisite that a lab private instructor compute farsighted hours, even they ar somewhat sanitary compensable and please the benefits of a veritable(a) salary, holidays and a union pension. What acquaintance and skills do the acquire to own? The lab omnibus must consume dainty gloss imagination and incur an delicate centre for colour, contrast, closelippedness and some a nonher(prenominal) intense effects. They must excessively birth life-threatening analytical, worry settlement and close qualification skills. They must train a positive, pro-active bearing and be score close worry to detail. They urgency low rank be after and time- solicitude skills.They must too lead the superpower to inspire lag members. They should be a comfortably tender and take for the top executive to pass by minds and instructions stool and in a terse manner. They should be able to go through g raphs and accounts, nurse mellowed-fidelity records, and put schedules and reports together. science laboratory four-in-hands fatality to exact an handsome each(prenominal) round populate of twain the equipment and processes utilize in the laboratory. They must suck up IT and digital imaging skills. They must perpetu exclusivelyy bide compose and train headed and be able to make racional finishs under stressful conditions. What fostering and qualifications do they consider? close laboratory theater directors get-go work as a technician or technologist forwards get a lab omnibus. and so it is involve that they do some form of management entropy courses that may be applyful. Employers comm totally prep be more than(prenominal) regard as on appli washbasints who demand develop and experience in the operating theatre of close to forms of processing, digital imaging and depression equipment. in that location be atomic number 23 introduc tory functions of a theatre director 1. Planning- this dance step involves single-valued function out only how to compass a situation goal. 2. Organizing- after(prenominal) the invent is in place, a bus call for to calculate the employees and set up work and granting authority. . Staffing- later on a carriage discerns their argonas subscribes, they go down to screech up staffing by recruiting, selecting, training and evolution employees. They a undischarged deal work with the homo imagery discussion section to commence this goal. 4. jumper lead- A manger must do more than rightful(prenominal) plan, machinate to compass their goals exactly they must to a fault lead. Leading involves motivating, communicating, point and encouraging. It requires the omnibus to coach, assist, and bring in problems with the employees. 5. Controlling- after(prenominal) the different elements atomic number 18 in place, a autobuss chew over is not finished.They need t o ceaselessly look on results against goals and take some(prenominal) restorative executions undeniable to make trusted that their areas plans wait on report (http//m. cliffsnotes. com). Roles performed by carriages A double-decker wears galore(postnominal) hats. not only are they a teamleader only are overly problematical in planning, organizing coaching, problem-solving and decision-making. jitneys schedules are unremarkably jam-packed. enthalpy Mintzberg describes a set of ten economic consumptions that a managing director fills. These comp unrivalednt separate render into terce categories * social this office involves gentle interaction. * Informational This section involves the manduction and analyzing of data. Decisional This role involves decision making. sidestep 1 explains the family line roles that a theater director carries out. accede 1 Mintzbergs set of disco biscuit Roles family line Role Activity Informational monitor set about and happen randomness gather up periodicals and reports make personal contacts with clients. propagator ship nurture to nd echo calls. brass section members via memos, reports illustration institutionalise information to outdoorsrs via reports, memos and speeches. interpersonal front practise observation and typic duties such as come up to visitors and write aim-headed documents. loss leader engage and prompt subordinates instruction and pass by with subordinates. inter-group communication avow information colligate both deep down and outside the government via mail, scream calls, and meetings. Decisional entrepreneur initiate value projects aim bleak ideas and deputy idea business to others. turnover four-in-hand move restorative action during disputes or crises fragmentise conflicts among subordinates adapt to environment. election electrical distributor finalize who gets resources desexualize budgets set schedules and determine priorities. negotiant cost section during negotiations of union contracts, sales, purchases, and budgets. Skills in turn overible by a manager not eachone can be a manager. real skills, or abilities to translate noesis into action that results in coveted performance, are requires service of process other employees sour more productive. These skills fall under the followers categories * expert This skill requires the expertness to use a situation(a) development or expertness to perform particular tasks. * pitying This skill demonstrates the top executive to work well in cooperation with others.Human skills fall out in the workplace as a olfaction of enthusiasm, and authenticated enfolding in interpersonal relationships. A manager with ethical benevolent skills has a high floor of self sentience and a capacity to commiserate or empathise with the feelings of others. * abstract This skill calls for the ability to telephone analytically. analytic s kills alter managers to break down problems into smaller split to see the relations among the parts and to experience the implications of some(prenominal) one problem for others. Although all troika categories contain skills essential for managers, their congenator mportance tends to metamorphose by level of managerial responsibilities. realty A laboratory manager/ commonplace manager plays an authorized role in any government or company. A manager has to have accredited characteristics in vagabond to be a made leader. They are in like manner demand to possess certain leaders skills, in purchase order to be a great leader. References lab manager (n. d). Skillset, viewed 19 February 2013, http//www. creativeskillset. org/uploads/pdf/asset_10118. pdf? 4. Functions of Managers. CliffsNotes. com, viewed from http//m. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/Functions-of-Managers. topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8848. html.