Legally Blonde The Female Ambition

The Women’s Liberation movement of the twentieth century opened up a number of avenues for women. They were no longer confined to their homes and families and could go ahead and achieve whatever they wanted to. By the end of the twentieth century, women had made their mark as doctors and lawyers. And yet, despite all these outwardly achievements, on the inside women continued to aspire for a husband, children and a home in the suburbs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Legally Blonde: The Female Ambition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even intelligent, successful women secretly aspired the same ideal that their mothers and grandmothers had fought so hard to get rid of. Popular media only fueled these aspirations by not only pointing out what they were missing but by even suggesting ways to get what they wanted. Movies like â€Å"Legally Blonde† reinforce the idea that a woman’s primary object ive in life is to get a husband and get married and that a woman’s intelligence, capabilities and talents are of not much use if she cannot find herself a suitable husband. Elle Woods, played by Reese Witherspoon in Legally Blonde, is an extremely intelligent women who can get anything she wants once she sets her heart to it. Her natural intelligence is showcased on a number of occasions throughout the movie. She manages a score of 179 in LSATs and gets herself admitted to Harvard Law School with apparently only a little effort. And once she decides to apply herself, she out-performs her classmates. Elle Woods is a woman who can achieve anything she wants. Yet, the sole focus of her life is to get the man who had dumped her to realize his mistake and come back to her. Elle Woods is not an ordinary woman. But her ambitions and aspirations are that of a very ordinary woman and hence very limited. If Elle’s lack of ambition seems strange, her insistence on hiding her inte lligent mind behind a facade of expensive clothes and well manicured hands is downright bizarre. Elle does not dress like any ordinary woman. Instead, with her perfect hair, designer dresses and loud makeup, she looks more like a living Barbie. Elle is not a dumb blonde and yet that is exactly how she chooses to present herself to the world. According to Greenberg, female preoccupation with getting married may â€Å"spring from some ‘natural’ feminine psychic thrust toward passive dependent gratification† (Greenberg 151). Although Greenberg goes on to denounce this explanation and suggests that it may have something to do with women being disillusioned with their lives, this does not seem to be the case with Elle. She comes from a rich family and is a successful women in her own way. Yet, the only ambition of her life is to get married and become â€Å"arm-candy† to a successful man. The movie seems to borrow from the desire of real women to get married to rich, successful man and exaggerates these desires to form Elle’s character. It is disturbing that in the post-feminist twenty-first century, real successful women still desire to get married ultimately.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More And this desire may have been influenced by hundreds of romantic movies released every year which show successful women getting weak in the knees when confronted by rich, powerful men exuding male charm. Greenberg’s assertion that women may have a latent desire to be dependent on men may actually be a result of women being conditioned through such popular media to look for gratification through male dependency. The way Elle dresses and her preoccupation with her looks also furthers the popular image of women being frivolous. Of course Elle’s character is an exaggeration of all female frivolities but Elle’s Barbie like w ardrobe remains every woman’s dream. All over the US, women spend thousands of dollar on clothes, shoes and grooming so that they may look more like the models and actresses they see on television. In the last couple of decades, more and more women are choosing to go under the knife to achieve some imaginary perfect body. Characters like Elle Woods tell these women that such a perfection may actually be possible. Elle’s tailored, form hugging dresses, perfect blonde hair and high heeled shoes is an ideal that many women want to achieve. When the movie shows the beautiful and perfect Elle Woods is also an intelligent and successful lawyer, she becomes the ultimate role model for millions of women. According to Lancaster, â€Å"fans appropriate images not as a way to feed into an ideologically created image†¦ but [to] enter a liminoid fantasy world in order to help discover who they are in the everyday mundane world† (Lancaster 127). If this is true, it is sa d that women should desire perfect, mythical bodies in order to help discover themselves. The other main female character in Legally Blonde, Vivian, is also intelligent and beautiful but not as preoccupied with her looks as Elle. Elle suggests that if she were to spend some more time on her grooming, she could become even more attractive since she was not all that â€Å"unfortunate looking† (Legally Blonde). In Elle’s world, being beautiful and intelligent is not enough. A women must also look attractive, since the ultimate aim of her existence is to get married. However, Warner dumps her because he needs to marry â€Å"a Jackie, not a Marilyn† (Legally Blonde). The practical looking Vivian apparently fulfills this need. While Elle was a great girlfriend, for a wife Warner prefers Vivian, not because he personally prefers Vivian over Elle, but because his voters might prefer the plainer Vivian. This is the same voter that ogles over Elle’s perfect body or aspires to get one like hers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Legally Blonde: The Female Ambition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But these voters, just like Warner and Elle’s father see Elle as a dumb blonde and hence not a suitable partner for to someone who is expected to run the country. In achieving the perfect Barbie like persona that seems to be the female ideal, ironically, she alienates the very people who make it the female ideal. It is not that women have any biological or evolutionary need to be dependent on men. Yet, even in this modern post-feminist era, women continued to be preoccupied with finding a suitable husband. All the time and money that women spend on grooming themselves and the obsession with the perfect body is the result of this latent desire in every women, no matter how successful, to find a husband. Gomes discusses an interesting aspect of Confucianism which requires women to â€Å"submit to patriarchy† (Gomes 139) and to know their â€Å"place in society, and behave according to the ethical codes of general virtue: not talk too much, be clean and make herself beautiful to men, and be a good housekeeper† (Gomes 139). Although, Gomes is discussing a very eastern cultural trait, the fact is that women all over the world had been for centuries conditioned to submit to patriarchy and make themselves beautiful to men while being good housekeepers. The Women’s Liberation movement of the last few decades has had only limited success in negating centuries of conditioning. Even today little girls play with Barbies, which become their role models for physical beauty, and are expected to have mock tea parties. It is no surprise than that when these girls grow up, they want to continue playing tea party hostesses dressed as Barbies. Female ambition, even in the twenty first century, is governed by centuries of indoctrination and furthered by movies like Legally Blonde that encourage women to spend more time on their looks, even when they are capable of a lot more. A movie is a mirror to the society and yet at the same time the society derives its inspirations from popular culture including movies. When the images propagated by the popular culture are as regressive as those seen in Legally Blonde, they slow down the process of change which is so vital for any society’s growth. It is true that a movie is but an entertaining commentary on the realities of our times. However, they need to shake off the baggage of the past if the society as a whole is to truly modernize. And a modern society needs for women to have bigger and better ambitions than simply getting married an having children.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Gomes, Catherine. â€Å"Crouching Women, Hidden Genre: An Investigation Into Western Film Criticism’s Reading of Feminism in Ang Lee’s Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon.† Celluloid Dreams: How Film Shapes America. Eds. Chris M. Ramos, David T. Mayeda and Lisa Pasko. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing, 2010. 133-140. Print. Greenberg, Harvey Roy. â€Å"Re-Screwed: Pretty Woman’s Co-opted Feminism.† Celluloid Dreams: How Film Shapes America. Eds. Chris M. Ramos, David T. Mayeda and Lisa Pasko. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing, 2010. 147-151. Print. Legally Blonde. Dir. Robert Luketic. Perf. Reese Witherspoon, Selma Blair, Luke Wilson and Matthew Davis. MGM, 2001. DVD. Lancaster, Kurt. â€Å"Lara Croft: The Ultimate Young Adventure Girl or the Unending Media Desire for Models, Sex, and Fantasy.† Celluloid Dreams: How Film Shapes America. Eds. Chris M. Ramos, David T. Mayeda and Lisa Pasko. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing, 201 0. 123-128. Print. This essay on Legally Blonde: The Female Ambition was written and submitted by user Shelby Becker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hard Rock Café

Hard Rock Cafà © Hard Rock Cafà © is a chain of restaurants that was founded by Peter Morton and Isaac Tigrett in 1971. Though they were Americans, the first Hard Rock Cafà © was in London, England and it was a theme restaurant that had it walls covered with rock and roll memorabilia. However, it started to expand in 1982 into other countries like Canada France and the US. In 1995 it ventured into the hotel and casino business with their first casino in Las Vegas (Grushkin, Selvin, Routhier, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hard Rock Cafà © specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hard Rock Cafà © has invested heavily in its product design process. This is because customer preferences and needs are constantly changing and they have had to address these changing preferences to maintain a competitive edge in the restaurant and hotel market. Due to its global network the company is in a better position to adapt quickly in response to the changing tastes and preferences, especially due to their theme venture. Their strategic managers have had to incorporate technology in the restaurant’s service delivery, such as the use of the internet in advertising and also in making orders and reservations for their high end products. This has boosted them in maximizing customer satisfaction, as convenience is key in customer service (Heizer Render,1996). The company has adopted the differentiation, cost leadership and rapid response strategies in their product development. This is to make sure that it stays relevant in the market by being different from other restaurants, being cost sensitive and incorporating customer needs into their products as soon as they arise. The decision makers have always taken pride in having close relationships with both their suppliers and customers hence the need to consult with them during product design. The Hard Rock Cafà © managers have a strict policy on the observation of safety , health and hygiene regulations in their decision making, and therefore, all products that they design are in line with these product principles. Hard rock cafà © products lifecycle is greatly influenced by customer preferences. They start by consultation to identify the prevailing customer needs in the market and the cycles end when the sales of the particular product plummet such that it is no longer profitable to continue producing it (Blythe, 2008). Their products go through four stages in their lifecycles, which are; introduction, growth, maturity, and the decline stage. When a need is identified in the market and a product is designed it is introduced in the companys restaurants and if customers like it, it is further popularized to boost its markets growth. With a stable market at maturity, the restaurants reap maximum profits, but these reduce as the product goes through the decline stage where sales plummet.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let 's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hard Rock Cafà © considers different issues in its product development to ensure that it maintains a competitive advantage in the market. For instance, the decision makers have been forced to modify their menu from the basic burgers, beverages and fries, to other high end items that increase customer satisfaction. Also, with the current trend of healthy eating they have had to come up with diet meals for the section of the market that is health sensitive. As noted by Blythe, (2008), the company has always ensured that it conditions its product design process according to the customers needs. To ensure that they maintain customer loyalty the company has also tailored their product design in a way that ensures maximum efficiency in service delivery. Their products have to take the shortest time possible to produce so as to quickly meet customer needs especially at peak hours. The management has ob served that certain peak periods generate a lot of customer orders, and in their bid to maximize on customer loyalty, they have to conveniently serve these peak time orders efficiently. For instance there are more rock and roll enthusiasts during the holidays hence an in influx of customers during this time. References Blythe, J. (2008). Consumer behavior. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Grushkin, P., Selvin, J. and Routhier, S. (2001). Treasures of the Hard Rock Cafe: The Official Guide to the Hard Rock Cafe Memorabilia Collection. Winnetka, Illinois: Rare Air Media, Heizer, J. and Render, B. (1996). Production operations management. Prentice Hall series in decision sciences. New York: Prentice Hall.

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) of water sample analysis

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) of water sample analysis Essay – The first end point colour was of a yellow colour, perhaps not light enough – Addition of starch indicator produced a grey-black solution; perhaps did not add enough indicator, however this did not pose as a problem – There was one occasion where I suspected to have added too much sodium thiosulphate, however the second trial indicated that I did not go past the end point too much To calculate the dissolved oxygen content (mg/dm ³ or ppm), we must first determine the number of mols of thiosulphate from the mean titrated volume of both samples. In this case, we will use sample A. The Winkler method indicates that the relationship between the amount of oxygen and thiosulphate is a four to one ratio. Therefore, we will divide the number of mols of thiosulphate by four to get the number of mols of oxygen. Then we convert this to milligrams per dm ³ first by multiplying by 20 to arrive with the number of mols present in 1dm ³ (because the pond water sample used was 50cm ³). Then we multiply that number by 32 (molecular mass of oxygen) to attain the number of grams of oxygen. Then finally, the number is multiplied by 1000 to be converted into milligrams. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) would therefore be the difference between the DO of sample A and sample B. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) of water sample analysis. (2017, Nov 17).

Presentation Speech or Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Speech or Presentation Example Mandatory military service is a norm in many nations across the world; it is also the norm for most men reaching 18 years of age to dread the day that they would have to wear their nation army uniform. Contemplating  over the year or three young people would dedicate to military service; I believe that it is an extraordinary honor and a great opportunity for self-development. Having a mandatory military service for everyone in the population would have a far-reaching positive impact on the nature of our Arab population; firstly, it would help in modeling character and character formation for our young people in the Arab world and eventually help in curbing social ills. This transformation will give forth-young people with sound moral values, and character traits that are admirable for cohesion in the Arab world; for instance, our Arab youths will gain a sense of duty and service to our nations; they would also learn the values of hard work, effective organization, self discipline, cooperation, good leadership and self defense. Many social ills in the Arab world such as acts of terrorism, juvenile crimes, violence, teenage pregnancies and substance abuse by the population can be directly attributed to lack of social values and morals; this can partly be blamed on upbringing and lack of good models for the young people. Mandatory military service will be efficient in instilling sound moral values in our population; young people will learn to value work as opposed to robbery and peace instead of violence. They will be sound morally upright individuals with impeccable character traits that will help in governance and leadership of our Arab worlds. Perhaps most importantly, mandatory military service would help instilling into our Arab youths a sense of nationhood and loyalty to our Arab nations- young people will be willing to sacrifice their lives for the noble course of duty and service to our great Arab nations. In addition to this, the population will be able to recognize and respect structural systems in the Arab nations, such as the courts in respect for law, order and authority. Cases of anarchy such as was witnessed in the recent past will be outdated as the Arab populations will be proud of their leadership and institutions in general. In this regard, mandatory military training will foster the development of a future generation that is not only committed to values of nationhood, but also one that can be relied upon in the event of emergencies for disaster for mitigation. Mandatory military training will be a great boost to national security especially for Arab countries in the Gulf region (Kuwait, Oman, Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and United Arab Emirates) which are in constant clashes thereby making the regions politically unstable (Bahgat 79). These Arab countries are faced with two major imminent threats to their internal security, â€Å"a potentially aggressive, potentially nuclear armed Iran†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pol lack 3) that viciously seeks to overrun other regional governments that challenge its dominance in the region, and an Iraqi that â€Å"could potentially threaten to destabilize the region by either sliding back into civil war or emerging as a new dictatorship† (Pollack 3). Apart from these two threats, Arab countries in the gulf region are endowed with rich oil deposits, a treasure that is of interest to the rest of the world; therefore, heralding a

All Souls' Rising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

All Souls' Rising - Essay Example The decision of the French administration on the island was ratified by the French revolutionaries in 1794 and this decision quickly challenged the previously accepted norms of the master slave relationship. The entire Americas domain was shaken up as the emancipation on Saint-Domingue became public knowledge. One of the largest disturbances from the Saint-Domingue experiences was for the American South where the economy was predominantly based on slave manpower. However the revolution of slaves in Saint-Domingue holds more than meets the eye. The composition of whites, mulattos and blacks meant that society was already in a precarious balance that the revolution upset. As a reaction to the changes introduced by the revolution the various strata of society began taking steps to increase their influence. The pivotal role for the balance of power play lay with the mulattos in society who were obliged to corroborate with the blacks and the whites alike. The British and Spanish conquest only added to the panic and confusion in society. The invasion was dealt with by an uprising lead by an ex slave Toussaint who was supposedly prepared by the whites in order to decimate the blacks in the shorter run and the mulattos in the longer run. The overall objective of the whites was to restore the previous order. The novel penned by Madison Smart Bells All Souls’ Rising also portrays this precarious situation and the immense power plays that occurred. In order to understand the issue better it would be relevant to wade through the novel within historical context. The novel depicts the grand blancs (who are members of the white elite) as conceiving a slave rebellion in order to augment their political needs and desires. As the story progresses it becomes clear that the highly esteemed Bayon de Libertat who is the owner of the slave rebellion leader Toussaint is also part of the conspirators. The slave rebellion leader is shown as being handpicked by the white power eli te in order to serve their nefarious purposes. Here consideration must be provided to the political problems of the grand blancs as the French Revolution was at its zenith by 1791 however the King was still in place on the throne. On the other hand the petit blancs, the day laborers, white craftsmen and poor ne’er do wells had already taken up arms and adopted the red cockade of the revolution. These groups had by this point in time taken to rebellion in Saint Domingue and had managed to capture Port au Prince which was a direct threat to the power of the grand blancs. Given also that this was the most profitable island in the Atlantic, its loss was not acceptable for the grand blancs. The problem became all the more complicated as the Estates de General declared by decree in May 1791 that all free property owning mulattos in Saint Domingue would be given full citizenship. Consequently the red cockaded petit blancs became overwhelmingly outraged by this decision. In a similar manner the white cockaded grand blancs were also outraged at such a decision by the government. However the white cockaded grand blancs contend that they cannot win the war against the petit blancs and the free mulatto calls for full citizenship at the same time. In order to deal with these threats the stratagem of the slave rebellion was created. The plan of action suggests that when the slave rebellion occurs the petit blancs would be neutralized and will try to unite with the whites in order to quell the black slave

Allied Diplomacy Essay Example for Free

Allied Diplomacy Essay Due to Britains position as a major power, the country was able to reshape the Middle East and formulate agreements with several important cultures. However, some of the terms within these treaties were completely contradictory, creating dispute and controversy between parties. This very powerful mandate made many mistakes and errors in judgment that led to disastrous conflicts, such as providing assurances of things they werent able to fulfill and creating contradictory terms within official agreements. Britain was responsible for a great amount of problems in the Middle East during World War 1, but there were many other sources of instability with different origins and motives. Two of the most controversial events in the Middle East were the McMahon-Hussein agreement and the Balfour declaration, due to the profound difference in their terms. Whilst the Balfour Declaration promised to provide a National Homeland for the Jewish people, the McMahon- Hussein pact stated that Arab nationals would recover land previously owned by the Turks. At first sight, these terms were completely opposite, and according to the Jewish and the Arabs, impossible to fulfill at once. However, the British claimed that the way in which the Arabs had interpreted the McMahon-Hussein agreement was mistaken because they believed Palestine was to be given to them, just as Britain argued that the map used to establish the terms excluded Palestine from land that had to be given back to the Arab people. A minor phrase that stated that any land that was not purely Arab was to be excluded from the terms created a monumental disagreement when it came to this particular event. Hussein claimed Palestine had to be considered purely Arab as McMahon had a very different view. He believed the land in question was not of pure Arab nature because many other religious groups had established in Jerusalem under Turk rule, therefore eliminating the possibility of ultimate Arab presence in Palestine. Many Palestinians felt betrayed by the British government due to the use of inaccurate technicalities of language. The main purpose of the agreement Britain decided to make with Palestinian Arabs was to gain protection against Ottoman forces and their increasing power. In order to achieve their goal, British officials in Cairo contacted Sharif Hussein and informed him that if they were to assist them against Ottomans, Britain would support future Arab independence. The Arabs had to create a revolt and refer to the Ottomans as their enemies, in order to support the British government further. On the 10th of June 1916, the Arabs did effectively create a large physical conflict in order to fulfill the terms established and to gain the support they required for their ideal independence. The Arab army was founded and organized by the British government, but led by Sharif Husseins sons. Due to the amount of instability the Arab-British forces created in the region, the terms were now justified and Hussein demanded Britain to recognize Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Palestine and areas of the Arabian Peninsula as Arab countries. However, Syria and Lebanon were of French interest and therefore were discussed in the Sykes-Picot agreement that took place from 1915 to 1916. The United Kingdom recognized the freedom of the Arabs, creating not only a contradiction between the agreements made with France and Palestinians but a great dispute between the Jewish and Arabs, two religious groups that had been promised the same portion of land. As time passed, Britain started increasing the amount of conflict in the Middle East throughout grave contradictions and opposite statements. The McMahon-Hussein agreement occurred approximately two years before the Balfour declaration, increasing the dimension of the mistake made by the British government. Just after they had promised to return Middle Eastern territories to the Arabs, the major power was responsible for providing a very concrete assurance of giving the Jewish a national homeland within Palestine. Arthur James Balfour was very clear and was able to state this throughout a letter he wrote to Lord Rothschild on November 2nd, 1917. The Balfour Declaration urged Lionel Walter Rothschild to inform the Zionist Federation of the proposition and was clear that His Majestys government would use all its power to provide a National Homeland as long as no rights were violated in the process, even if they did belong to exterior ethnic groups. As mentioned before, this declaration was said to be completely  contradictory to the agreement made with Sharif Hussein according to Jewish interpretation. Jews believed they w ould receive the entire land of Palestine and would be able to make exclusive use of it, whereas the British argued they never promised the land in its whole and therefore were not breaking any promises or contradicting the terms made in previous agreements. The Treaty of Sevres confirmed the promise made to the Jewish people in the 1917 Balfour Declaration and initiated a long-term problem between the both Palestinian Arabs and Jews. With this treaty, European Powers managed to solve their internal conflicts and successes by reestablishing the map of the region according to what was convenient at the moment, but didnt really think of the long-term consequences of the new arrangement. By not taking Turkish interests into account, the treaty of Sevres was not of their liking and managed to create a larger sense of nationalism within the country, thus creating the war. The lack of precision presented in the three consecutive arrangements with the Arabs, French and Jewish created a great deal of controversy and instability in the Middle Eastern region. Even though the British government was undoubtedly responsible for the majority of the disputes in the Middle East during WW1, there were some exterior factors that accumulated and created outrageous amounts of discrepancies. It wouldnt be incorrect to say that Britain acted the way it did due to the pressure put on it by the initiation of the Holy War, announced by the Ottomans. After four entire centuries of rule, the Ottoman Empire collapsed and therefore contributed to the incessant tensions between inhabitants of several countries. The mentioned empire was the worlds most influential Islamic power and was responsible for putting a stop to its neutrality towards the allies and declaring a Holy War against France, Russia and Great Britain. This war initiation not only put pressure on Britain, but also encouraged the government to find support against the Ottomans, hence the McMahon-Hussein agreement and its terms. In retrospect, Britain was mostly responsible for the instability in the Middle East during the First World War but there were some factors and events having to do with the Ottoman war declaration that created tension  and controversy. If the treaties made with the French, Arabs and Jews had been coherent and logical when put together; the problems in the Middle East wouldnt have been so deeply catastrophic. To certain extent, there were some factors that put Britain in a very difficult position by threatening their empire and even though they were to blame for creating most of the conflicts during World War 1, they definitely werent responsible for starting the long sequence of instability. If it hadnt been for Britains lack of precision when presenting the terms, the long-term problem between Palestinian Arabs and Jews could have been reduced or avoided, despite their ambitious natures. The events and agreements mentioned were not the only sources of conflict between these two ethnic groups due to the disputes that had been occurring a long time before concerning land and respective properties. British officials could have definitely dealt with conflicts in a better way, avoiding the preposterous amount of tension and disputes in the Middle East from the beginning until de end of the war. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Palestinians. (n.d.). The McMahon Agreement. _History Learning Site_. Retrieved September 16, 2012, from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/mcmahon.htm The Balfour Declaration . (n.d.). _Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs_ . Retrieved September 16, 2012, from http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/The+Balfour+Declaration.htm British Mandate for Palestine. (n.d.). _Middle East: MidEastWeb_. Retrieved September 17, 2012, from http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/british_mandate_palestine.htm

Free Essays - Role Playing in A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

Role Playing in A Farewell to Arms In Hemingway's novel, A Farewell to Arms, the principle characters, Henry and Catherine, are forced by the war to face the fact of human mortality. As a defense mechanism, the two main characters, and several others, turn to "role-playing" as a way to escape reality. Hemingway utilized role-playing as a way to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the characters. By placing Henry's ordered life in opposition to Catherine's topsy-turvy one, and then letting each one assume a role which will bring them closer together, Hemingway shows the pair's inability to accept their own mortality. John Stubbs' has written an essay that examines the "role-playing" that Henry and Catherine use to protect themselves from the discovery of their insignificance and "powerlessness...in a world indifferent to their well being..." Stubbs begins by showing other examples, notably in In Our Time and The Sun Also Rises, in which Hemingway's characters revert to role-playing in order to escape or retreat from their lives. The ability to create characters who play roles, he says, either to "maintain self-esteem" or to escape, is one Hemingway exploits extraordinarily well in A Farewell to Arms and therefore it "is his richest and most successful handling of human beings trying to come to terms with their vulnerability." As far as Stubbs is concerned, Hemingway is quite blatant in letting us know that role-playing is what is occurring. He tells that the role-playing begins during Henry and Catherine's third encounter, when Catherine directly dictates what is spoken by Henry. After this meeting the two become increasingly comfortable with their roles and easily adopt them whenever the other is nearby. This is apparent also in that they can only successfully play their roles when they are in private and any disturbance causes the "game" to be disrupted. The intrusion of the outside world in any form makes their role-playing impossible, as evidenced at the race track in Milan, where they must be alone. The people surrounding them make Catherine feel uncomfortable and Henry has to take her away from the crowd. He goes on to describe how it is impossible for them to play the roles when they are apart and how they therefore become more dependent upon each other's company. Stubbs goes on to explain how, "neither mistakes role-playing for a truly intimate relationship, but both recognize that it can be a useful device for satisfying certain emotional needs.