Assess the Ontological Argument Essay Example for Free

Assess the Ontological Argument Essay The ontological argument was first formulated by St. Anselm in the 11th century. It argues the existence of God from a deductive and a priori stance. God is a being than which none greater can be conceived. This is the response given by St Anselm to the fool in the psalm who believed there was no God. St Anselm the Archbishop of Canterbury and of the Benedictine Order explained that for God to exist in the mind he would not be the greatest being. However were God to exist in the mind and reality this would make a being ‘than which none greater can be conceived’, this means God must exist. This demonstration for the existence of God was immediately criticised by his contemporary Gaunilon. He argued that Anselm’s argument could easily be used to prove the existence of many different beings or even places. In Gaunilon’s ‘response on the behalf of the fool’, he argued that he could conceive of a perfect island ‘blessed with all manners of delight’, yet it did not mean it must exist. However, Anselm responded to this claim arguing that a perfect island contains contingency; it is dependent, whereas God possesses aseity, is self-sufficient. This means that God’s existence is therefore, necessary, independent. Descartes famously wrote his version of the ontological argument in the ‘Meditations’ in which he argued that God is an infinite being, perfect. For God to remain perfect he must then retain existence. He used the illustration of a triangle with three angles which all add up to 180 degrees. This quality of the triangle allows the triangle to be perfect and to be defined as a triangle. If the angles were taken away from the triangle it would no longer be a triangle. This is similar as to God; he could not be God if he did not exist. This proves according to Descartes that God’s existence is necessary. But, it can be argued that the ontological argument is using an analytic format to define God as existing. Immanuel Kant refutes this as he believes that existence as a predicate or property cannot define God. For instance, the analytic statement ‘a spinster is an unmarried woman’ is tautological and true by definition. But if you were to add the predicate existence it would have no direct effect on the statement, this means that existence cannot be a property of God. David Hume also went on to support this idea, as we cannot prove that existence is even a positive attribute, we know that ‘evil’ exists yet could this ‘existence’ be the same as the ‘existence’ of God? They would argue that the ontological argument failed to understand and make existence a meaning of God. However, there have been responses by other philosophers such as Frege who argues that existence is actually a first level predicate which is able to explain the second level predicate. For instance, the ‘greenness of the apple’ is known through our senses but by adding ‘the greenness exists’ we are able to understand that such a predicate exists in reality. This means that ‘God exists’ allows us to understand that such a being as powerful as God does exist in reality as well as the mind. However from an empirical view, Thomas Aquinas would argue that the flaw in the ontological arguments attempt to demonstrate God’s existence stems from the fact that Anselm wanted to argue that God’s existence can be proven from ‘de dicto’ instead of what is ‘real’, and this caused the argument to be weak. On the other hand, some will still argue that St Anselm and the ontological argument is still strong in the second half, ‘God is a necessary being’. This is due to the fact that only God’s existence can be either necessary or impossible and because it is possible, God is proven to exist. To evaluate the whole ontological arguments’ attempt to prove and demonstrate God’s existence, it is clear due to the deductive stance, it shouldn’t be argued as the conclusion drawn must be ‘God is a necessary being’, ‘God is a being than which none greater can be conceived’. But as soon as you understand that definition you will find that it could be used to prove the existence of many things and beings. The ontological argument proves the idea that if God exists he is going to be a necessary being, but it does not prove that he actually does exist. Therefore as Richard Dawkins would describe it ‘infinite, playground argument’ and does not demonstrate God’s existence.

Algorithm to Enhance Radio Wave Propagation Strength

Algorithm to Enhance Radio Wave Propagation Strength A New Algorithm to Enhance Radio Wave Propagation Strength in Dead Spots for Cellular Mobile WiFi Downloads Using Cloud Networks Signal loss is a major problem for cellular wireless devices, resulting in dropped calls and failure in downloading data. Our research uses a combination of different interaction models to provide an easy interface to replace traditional control methods for maintaining signal levels. The lossy WiFi wave propagation around and within buildings is studied utilizing college buildings at the University of Bridgeport (UB) campus in Bridgeport CT. These buildings serve as good experimental settings because they exemplify typical signal dead spots, locations where little to no WiFi signal is available. In this paper, we investigate path loss propagation inside and outside buildings and we identify and categorize these problems. We then apply our path loss propagation algorithmic models to show that signal strength is significantly improved when compared to existing algorithms. Finally, we show the efficiency of our model and explain the specifics of our algorithm. Cellular Mobile Communication keeps growing so fast on the market worldwide so that they become our everyday companions. Over the last twenty years, globally, Mobile Communication users have raised a specifically rich multimedia service which forces telecommunication vendors as well as the operators to set significant efforts in order to fulfill client’s needs. The use of Wi-Fi for internet is widely increasing especially in mobile devices where Wi-Fi enabled, which gives results in expanding hotspots, and user acceptance also grows. Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) presented its research about global mobile data traffic, and VNI research indicated that this traffic will increase 18-fold from 2011 to 2016, and will reach 10.8 exabytes per month. Recent technologists and mobile industries never viewed the roles for Wi-Fi in the new phones networks. The changes in the mobile and the offloading data traffic to Wi-Fi can and it plays the significant role to avoid clogged networ ks are realized by mobile operators [12]. From all these we conclude that the key component of the information security is the data transfer and it’s daily importance in our life. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) gained high acceleration, the reason of the necessity to pre-evaluate signals that are transmitted under Line-of-Sight (LOS) and /or none (NLOS) radio wave propagation in the indoor environments. These transmissions have main problem which is the difficulty to predict indoor radio wave propagations because of the invisibility between the transmitter and the receiver [15]. Related work Yuko MIURA, et. al. [1] proposed a propagation model which accurately predicts outdoor-to-indoor propagation loss; this model depends on the angle dependency of the losses with the paths that penetrate the indoor area. Radio waves transmitted from the base station first propagate outdoors to the building’s external wall. Next, the radio waves penetrate the structure’s external wall. Last, the penetration waves propagate inside the building for the receiver. Outdoor-to-indoor propagation loss is estimated by predicting the propagation losses of those three parts. The losses of those three propagation processes might be calculated individually, and the path loss between base station and mobile station is usually expressed since the amount of these losses in dB [1]. Greg Durgin et. al. [2] developed measurement-based path loss for propagation prediction; these measurements aided the development of outdoor-to-indoor communication systems for wireless internet access, wirele ss cable distribution, and wireless local loops. Iskandar et. al. [3] evaluated the propagation loss as a function of elevation and azimuth angels, and observed the link budget in the estimation to the required transmitted power at several transmission rates of IMT-2000. Gerd Wà ¶lfle et. al. [4] proposed a new concept called dominant model in which focuses on the dominant paths between transmitter and receiver for the planning of wireless networks. [4] Prepared a comparison between cellular or WLAN in urban considering indoors either direct ray or ray tracing propagation and urban city centers in multi-floor buildings. Oliver Stà ¤bler et. al. [5] presented a deterministic approach for the evaluation of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks in urban and indoor, beside evaluated the signal levels in the expected MIMO capacity. N. Faruk et. al. [6] conducted measurements at 203.25 MHz and 583.25 MHz frequencies along ten routes in Ilorin City, in order to fit the measured data wi th lognormal propagation loss, [6] used least square regression method, and investigated the behavior of the TV signals in the same environment in building penetration loss across the routes. Thomas Schwengler, et. al. [7] presented propagation at 5.725 GHz – 5.825 GHz within the U.S Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band. Measured propagation path loss in a residential area at 5.8 GHz. Separated the data sets into line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS), as much as obtained noteworthy results since propagation models were designed for cellular and PCs use at lower frequency and narrow-band channels. Sheryl L. Howard et. al. [8] presented the use of error-control coding (ECC) which used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in order to determine the energy efficiency of ECC in WSNs. As much as derived an expression for critical distance dCR, where the decoder’s energy consumption per bit equals the transmit energy savings per bit, also showed that in crowded environments and office buildings dCR dropped significantly to 3m or greater at 10 GHz without considering the interference. Alyosha Molnar, et. al. [9] presented 900 MHz, ultra-low power RF transceiver for wireless WSNs, and demonstrated them to communicate over 16 meters through walls at a bit rate of 20 kbps. Jun Wang et. al. [10] used an adaptive back-off strategy to achieve fairly uniform cluster head distribution across the network. References Yuko MIURA, Yasuhiro ODA, and Tokio TAGA, Outdoor-To-Indoor Propagation Modeling with The Identification of Path Passing Through Wall Openings, Wireless Laboratories, NTT DoCoMo, Inc. 3-5 Hikari-no-oka, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa, 239-8536, Japan, 0-7803-7589-0/02/$17.00  ©2002 IEEE. Greg Durgin, Theodore S. Rappaport, Hao Xu, Measurements and Models for Radio Path Loss and Penetration Loss In and Around Homes and Trees at 5.85 GHz, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 46, No. 11, November 1998. Iskandar and Shigeru Shimamoto, Prediction of Propagation Path Loss for Stratospheric Platforms Mobile Communications in Urban Site LOS/NLOS Environment, pp. 5643-5648, 1-4244-0355-3/06/$20.00 (c) 2006 IEEE. Gerd Wà ¶lfle, Renà © Wahl, Pascal Wildbolz, and Philipp Wertz, Dominant Path Prediction Model for Indoor and Urban Scenarios, AWE Communications GmbH, Otto-Lilienthal-Str. 36, 71034 Boeblingen, Germany, www.awe-communications.com. Oliver Stà ¤bler, Reiner Hoppe, Gerd Wà ¶lfle, Thomas Hager, Timm Herrmann, Consideration of MIMO in the Planning of LTE Networks in Urban and Indoor Scenarios, AWE Communications GmbH Otto-Lilienthal-Straße 36, 71034 Bà ¶blingen, Germany. N. Faruk, A. A. Ayeni, Y. A. Adediran, Characterization Of Propagation Path Loss at VHF/UHF Bands for Ilorin City, Nigeria, Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH) Vol. 32. No. 2. July 2013, pp. 253-265Copyright © Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, ISSN 1115-8443. www.nijotech.com. Thomas Schwengler, and Mike Gilbert, Propagation Models at 5.8 GHz –Path Loss Building Penetration, U S WEST Advanced Technologies, Boulder, CO 80303. Tel. e-mail respectively: 303-541-6052, [emailprotected] and 303-541-6257, [emailprotected]. Sheryl L. Howard, Christian Schlegel and Kris Iniewski, Error Control Coding in Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks: When is ECC Energy-Efà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cient, Dept. of Electrical Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2V4 Email: sheryl,schlegel,[emailprotected]. Alyosha Molnar, Benson Lu, Steven Lanzisera, Ben W. Cook and Kristofer S. J. Pister, An Ultra-low Power 900 MHz RF Transceiver for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE 2004 CUSTOM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE, 0-7803-8495-4/04/$20.00 02004 IEEE. Jun Wang, Yong-Tao Cao, Jun-Yuan Xie, CCF and Shi-Fu Chen, Energy Efficient Backoff Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms for Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks, JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 26(2): 283{291 Mar. 2011. DOI 10.1007/s11390011-1131-x, 2011 Springer Science +Business Media, LLC Science Press, China. Mar. 2011, Vol.26, No.2.

The French Revolution :: European Europe History

The French Revolution Gradually after the American Revolution, France had it's own Revolution in 1789. The French were very unhappy with their current status, jobs, and living conditions. They saw what the Americans did to achieve liberty, and how successful they were. Many of them had also read the writings of the philosophers and believed that change was necessary. Nevertheless, the main problems that led to the French Revolution were deep debt, competition between social classes, and the unlawful conduct of the king. Debt was one of the problems that led France toward a Revolution. France was badly in debt after participating in the American Revolution and after Kings Louis XIV's and Louis XVI's enormous expenses. In order to save France from bankruptcy, Louis XVI called on the Estates General for help. The Estates General was made up of the First (clergy), Second (nobility), and Third (everyone else) Estate. However there was a lot of conflict within the Third Estate, because it was made up of everyone who was not part of the royal family, clergy, or nobility. The Third Estate was very unsatisfied because although it contained over 80 percent of the population, it still had the same one vote as the other two Estates with fewer people. Thus it re-named itself the National Assembly in June of 1789 and claimed itself the representative body of the people. The Assembly did not aid the King in his financial troubles, yet it demanded many changes to France's absolute monarchy and legislative system. Many of the laws that were passed in France had also become extremely burdensome to the common people because they excluded the clergy and nobility from paying taxes. Louis XVI tried to help the economy, by raising taxes in 1786. But this only made matters worse, because peasants were unable to pay. Harvest was also poor and food very expensive. People were enraged of hearing stories of lavish parties at the fine houses and palaces, where a lot of food was served, which was either wasted or given to the dogs afterwards. The demand for manufactured goods fell, and many artisans, traders and farmers were without work. People were angry and began to revolt. In July of 1789, they stormed the Bastille killing many people, and in October of 1789 angry middleclass women marched to Versailles demanding that the royal family move to Paris and action be taken to help feed the people.

Internet Censorship Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Everyone has heard of the Internet and how it is going to help set the world free. The Internet is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more and more common in the home. Companies these days do big business over the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction site eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business to the Internet. Unfortunately, there have been numerous attempts lately to censor the Internet. If the Internet is controlled, regulated, restricted, or censored it will have harsh effects on its capabilities. In recent years, America’s economy has become increasingly dependent on the need to instantly move large amounts of information across long distances. Computerization has changed everyone’s life in ways that were never before possible. The global network of interconnected computers allows people to send electronic mail messages across the world in the blink of an eye and stay updated on world events as they happen; the world has become a much smaller place as a result of this global communication and exchange of ideas. There have also become thousands of online â€Å"communities† of people who share common interests through message boards, chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists (Wilmott 106). Right now, the Internet is the ultimate demonstration of the first amendment: free speech. A place where people can speak their mind without being punished for what they say or how they choose to say it. â€Å"The Internet owes its incredible worldwide success to its prot ection of free speech, not only in America, but also in countries where freedom of speech is not guaranteed. For some, it is the only place where they can speak their mind without fear of political or religious persecution†. (â€Å"Cyberchaos†). The Internet is also one of America's most valuable types of technology; scientists use email for quick and easy communication. They post their current scientific discoveries on online newsgroups so other scientists in the same field of study all over the world can know in minutes. Ordinary people use the Internet for communication, expressing their opinions in the newsgroups, obtaining new information from the WWW, downloading all types of media files, or just â€Å"surfingâ€Å" for their own personal enjoyment. User... ...aphy is legal. The solution to keeping kids from getting into inappropriate websites is to monitor their access, use filtering software, and teach them morals. Censoring the Internet can only be harmful to everyone else who uses it. Works Cited Cleaver, Cathleen A. â€Å"Cyberchaos: Not First Amendment’s Promise.† http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/articles/cda/cleaver-cyberchaos.html â€Å"Current Internet Censorship Efforts.† [Online]. Available www.epic.org/freespeech/censorship. 3 April 2001. Dibbel, Julian. â€Å"Muzzling the Internet.† Time 18 December, 1995: 75. Hentoff, Frances. "Indecent Proposal." Entertainment Weekly 31 March, 1995. â€Å"Legal Definition of Obscenity/Pornography.† [Online]. Available http://censorware.net/essays/obscene_jt.html. 23 March 2001. Levy, Steven. â€Å"U.S. v. the Internet.† Newsweek 31 March 1997: 77-79. Miller, Michael. "Cybersex Shock." PC Magazine 10 Oct. 1995; 75-76. â€Å"Parental Control Ware.† Newsweek 12 February 1996: 12. Rheingold, Howard. â€Å"Rheingold's Tomorrow: Why Censoring Cyberspace is Dangerous & Futile.† [Online.] Available http://www.well.com/user/hlr/tomorrow/tomorrowcensor.html. Tyre, Jim. â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Censorware.†

Effects Of Creatine Essay -- essays research papers

The Effects of Creatine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine has been used in sports throughout time. Athletes have always had a fascination with being excellent at what they do. With the banning of steroids from competitive sports and the implementation of random drug testing in most sports, most athletes are still somehow hoping to gain an edge on their competition. This edge that they are using is creatine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand how creatine works, we must discover what creatine is. Creatine is an energy producing nutrient found in our bodies. It is synthesized from three amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine. These amino acids are primarily found in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. It is also consumed in our everyday diets from fish, meat and other animal products. Creatine is not considered an essential nutrient in our diets. In general, we consume approximately one gram of creatine per day in our diets (www.healthlink.mcw.edu).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine helps provide the energy our muscles need to move, especially movements that are quick and explosive. Approximately ninety five percent of the body’s creatine supply is found in the skeletal muscles (www.pacific-nutrition.com). The other five percent is spread throughout the body, but mainly found in the heart, brain and testes. Creatine is easily absorbed from the intestinal tract into the blood stream.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine was first discovered in 1832 by a French scientist, Cevreul. In 1847, it was noticed that the meat from foxes killed in the wild had ten times more creatine than meat from inactive foxes. The conclusion from this was that creatine accumulates in muscles due to physical activity. It was discovered in the early twentieth century that not all creatine consumed was excreted in the urine, but in fact, stored in the body. In 1912, researchers found that ingesting creatine can dramatically boost the creatine content of muscle. Fiske and Subbarow discovered creatine phosphate in 1927, and determined that creatine is a key player in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. Most studies focusing on creatine and sports performance have only been done since the early 1990’s (www.pacific-nutrition.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When we use our muscles everyday we use oxygen to make energy. This energy is created by breaking... ...rity. It claims to increase muscle strength and to delay fatigue, allowing athletes to train harder and longer. Companies promoting creatine supplements also claim that creatine can help burn fat and increase muscle mass. Annual sales of creatine in the United States alone are well over $100 million (Performance Enhancing Substances). Although creatine use in athletes is expected to increase because it is not on the list of banned substances as of yet, it is possibly going to be banned from professional sports, as well as NCAA sports, as early as next year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel like creatine is great and should not be banned. How are athletes going to gain a competitive edge without a supplement that will allow their muscles to train harder? I have used creatine and I am still currently using creatine. I have seen the gains in muscle mass already only after two weeks of taking creatine. Drinking plenty of water is the key. As long as you take creatine as suggested, there should be no problems. There are no known serious side effects, therefore, I don’t think that creatine should be banned. Creatine is a great supplement for athletes to gain that competitive edge!

Human Resource Information System Essay

The function of human resources (HR) departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. Efficient and effective management of â€Å"Human Capital† progressed to an increasingly imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before the client–server architecture evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to mainframe computers that could handle large amounts of data transactions. In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy or program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital. Raija and Hlonen (2009) described the role of information systems in the process of combining district organizations which use information system in financial administration, HRM and social welfare. They explored the role of IS in decision-making in public sector. The lack of inter-opera ability between legacy systems and new information systems was perceived as a huge problem. In the present situation of our economy, most of the companies used manual system in their company, also some are using computerized system which lessen the expenses and saves time. An effective and well-designed Human Resource Information System shall make it easier to manage record, update files and retrieve records in Employee records. Confidentially, accuracy and integrity are maintained. The use of computer enables user to minimize efforts to do a certain job or action nowadays. When the Information Technology emerged, it gave a great impact when it comes to business problems especially when it comes to data entry accuracy, managing data’s and retrievals. Dr. Karishna & Meena (2010) identified the various functional areas to which ICT is deployed for information administration in Higher Education institutions. Current level of usage indicates a clear integration of ICT for managerial or information based administration in higher education institutes. Matthew &Douglas (2009) analyzed that nature of developing IS in any organization is characterized by multi dimensional and often messy problems, involving technical organizations and personal dimensions. David et al(2010) analyzed the main traits of efficient firms and the main sources of firm’s efficiency through samples of catalan firms. Firms efficiency shows a significant improvement when advanced ICT uses are combined with human resource practices, Dileep (2010) indicate that HRIS is an integration of HRM and information systems. HRIs helps HR managers perform HR functions in a more effective and systematic way using technology. HRIs system usually a part of the organization’s larger management information system which would include accounting, production and marketing functions. Ikhlas & Zaid (2010) indicate that the quick response and access to information were the main benefits of HRIS implementation. They also identified the cultural and financial barriers to the implementation of HRIS. Kristine & David (2010) identified the implementations or upgradation of HRIS has been undertaken with the aim of utilizing HRM functions.. Barriers also associated with the acceptance of new or upgraded HRIS.HRIS play an important role in shaping user perception and behavior. The addition of information technology to the human resource industry has revolutionized the contemporary workplace. HR professionals now have an increased capacity not only to gather information, but also to store and retrieve it in a timely and effective manner. This has not only increased the efficiency of the organization but also the effectiveness of management functions. New technology has also created opportunities for higher levels of stress for younger and older workers alike (Mujtaba, Afza, and Habib, N. (2011), unethical temptations and behaviors (Mujtaba, 2011), and opportunities for better leadership practices (Mujtaba and Afza, 2011). After delivering our suggestions for the Customer Appreciation Program, Kudler has asked us to evaluate the Human Resource Department, to see what changes need to made, to make the process better and smoother. Before making suggestions, we have to analyze their current setup. The Human Resources Department is a valuable department, so we want to assure that Kudler’s is running smoothly and efficiently. Kudler’s current HR Department is setup in the following manner: they use Quick Books and outsourced their payroll to Intuit. Intuit tracks all the following information for each employee. They track the employee’s personal information, pay rate, tax exemptions, hire date, seniority date, and organizational information. Changes to any of this information, can only be change by submitting a special form in writing by the employee’s supervisor and entered by the accounting clerk. The accounting clerk also keeps a file with the appropriate tax forms for each employee and all changes to employee data. The employees turn in manual time sheets weekly, which are approved by the store manager. The time sheets are then faxed to accounting, where they are entered for payroll. All changes have to be approved by the direct supervisor and store manager. Each store manager is responsible for keeping the files of their employees. They are kept in a locked file and include the following information: job application or resume, performance reviews, I-9 forms, and any disciplinary memos or performance management issues. The managers are also responsible for tracking any time off, which includes vacations.

Management Education in India, Opportunities and Challenges Essay

Management education in India is a new concept as because the preferred careers in the 1940s and the 50s were medicine and engineering and in the 1960s and 70s the IAS and the Central services, the craze since the 1980s has been for management and IT Jobs. As a result, there has been an explosion in the number of business schools in India. Management study is very popular for imbibing versatility and multi-tasking abilities As the demand for management education grows so do the challenge and opportunities too. Today business schools in India face the challenge of creating an indigenous model of management curriculum. Although the area of action to implement management education is a global one but it is also necessary for the curriculum to reflect local aspirations. For eg: curriculum should focus on local case studies where the management principles are broadly examined, questioned and streamlined to meet the challenges of the local/national business environment optimistically. Unfortunately, Indian Business schools vary widely in terms of the caliber of the faculty, quality of curriculum, infrastructure, and placement record. Apart from the premier list of B Schools in India the academic standards of most of he B Schools are not upto the mark. In fact at the low end of the spectrum we find institutes charge exorbitant fee from gullible students but provide negligible academic value addition. The other challenges facing management education in India is to promote research and establish a global quality assurance and accreditation system and above all to continue working upon to improve against the competitors to enhance its ranking is a challenging task for every institute.